Is Your Life Worth 30 Minutes a Day Don’’t be afraid of the E word ― it could mean your survival. People who aren’’t engaging in regular exercise can reap significant health benefits if they accumulate 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity most days of the week. What can help prevent stroke (中风), heart disease and some cancer What can lift depression, ease arthritis (关节炎) pain and increase both the length and quality of life ― to name just a few of its benefits "If packed into a pill," sums up Dr. Robert Butler, former director of the National Institute on Aging, "it would be the single most widely prescribed (写处方) and beneficial medicine in the nation. "Best of all, it is free and available to everyone." Exercise Can Help People Stay Healthy Give up The answer is the E word: exercise. But you don’’t have to change into gym shorts or, heaven forbid, sweat for an hour. Instead, the U.S. Surgeon General’’s report Physical Activity and Health offers this simple exercise prescription: people who aren’’t engaging in regular exercise can reap significant health benefits if they accumulate 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity most days of the week. Americans Expend Much Less Energy and Time on Exercise Americans today expend much less energy than did previous generations, perhaps as much as a few hundred calories per day less. All the "advances" that make our lives easier ― like e-commerce (电子商务) , and automatic doors ― contribute to the current epidemic (流行病) of obesity (肥胖) and related disease. Experts say that if you expend just ten extra calories a day by being more active, over a year you can lose a pound ― mostly fat. And if you burn 150 extra calories a day ― the equivalent of a 30-minutes’’ walk ― in a year that’’s ten pounds. (If you also eat 150 calories less ― that’’s about half a candy bar ― you could lose an additional ten pounds.)The sad fact is that only about 15 percent of American adults engage regularly in vigorous physical activity for at least 20 minutes three times a week. More than 60 percent are not regularly physically active, and 25 percent are totally sedentary (久坐的). The Benefit of Moderate Exercise Yet the benefits of moderate exercise are amazing. Consider how exercise helps the following: diabetes (糖尿病) . The number of Americans diagnosed with diabetes has increased six fold since 1958, to a record high of ten million. This alarming rise is linked to our expanding waistlines, junk food diet and inactivity. Some experts feel that the most common form of diabetes is preventable with a proper diet ― and regular activity. In diabetics, the hormone insulin (荷尔蒙胰岛素) does not properly regulate glucose (葡萄糖) levels in the blood. When people exercise, the body fuels the activity by taking glucose out of their blood to use for energy. Exercise Can Help Patients Suffering from the Following Diseases Heart Attacks and Stroke. One of the simplest, safest, least expensive and most effective strategies for improving heart health is frequently neglected: exercise. It reduces blood pressure and can help raise the level of "good" cholesterol (胆固醇) , while lowering "bad" cholesterol when combined with dietary changes. Remember: for every one percent reduction in blood cholesterol, the occurrence of coronary (冠状动脉的) heart disease is reduced by two percent. Moreover, people who exercise one hour per day cut their risk for stroke nearly in half, according to a study of 11,130 Harvard University alumni (男女校友). Mental Health. When asked why she started swimming during her freshman year at Boston University, world-class endurance swimmer Julie Ridge replied, "It was a mental thing." While sedentary people may assume that working out is about looking good, habitual exercisers like Ridge know that it is largely about feeling good. A growing body of research shows that physical activity does, indeed, exert a "feel good" effect that can work as a powerful treatment for depression. Arthritis. Many people ― including some physicians ― still haven’’t heard the new message that exercise can help people with arthritis now affecting nearly 43 million Americans. "We’’ve come from thinking that physical fitness was impossible for people with arthritis to know that exercise is one of the best ways to manage their disease and minimize their disability," says Marian Minor, an associate professor of Physical therapy at the University of Missouri, Columbia. Exercise can reduce pain by keeping joints (关节) flexible and the muscles around the joints strong. A person with arthritis who has other medical conditions or a lot of pain should get a physician’’s referral (建议) to a physical therapist who can design an individualized exercise program. Cancer. Each year over a million Americans learn they have cancer ― the second leading cause of death in the Unites States after heart disease. In 1996 the American Cancer Society added regular physical activity to the list of preventive measures it advocates. According to one large study of people at various levels of fitness, the least fit men died from cancer at a rate more than three times higher than that of the most fit men. And, notes Informed Decisions, the American Cancer Society’’s guide to the disease, an earlier study found "the least fit women had fully 16 times the cancer death rate of the most fit women." Scientists still don’’t know the precise mechanisms by which exercise appears to exert an "anticancer" effect, but current thinking points to physical activity’’s effect on the immune and endocrine (内分泌的) system. So Choose to Move. Stop viewing exercise as a "workout" and start thinking of it as play ― a welcome daily recess (暂歇) that frees your body from the confines of its workaday routines. And if you have any health concerns, you should, of course, consult a physician first.In a way, some modern conveniences result in people’’s obesity and related diseases. A．YB．NC．NG

What is the author’s final conclusion?A. Global warming is the more accurate term.B. Accuracy of terminology matters in science.C. Human activities have serious effects on Earth.D. Politics interferes with serious scientific debate.

The plural form of "vertebra" is vertebrae.A. 正确B. 错误

3. withstandA. 承受住；顶住；抵住B. 收回（威胁、提议、请求等）C. 懂得，理解，明白D. 规定；指定

International corporate law firm Milbank has discontinued its funding of student events at Harvard Law School, after some of the money was used to pay for pizza at a discussion hosted by a group that supports a one-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.Milbank, one of Harvard’s major donors, in 2012 pledged 1 million over the course of five years to help support student-run activities at the prominent law school, located near Boston in the northeastern U.S. But Milbank asked the school to use the money elsewhere “to avoid creating any misimpressions that the firm endorses the viewpoints expressed by any particular organization or journal,” according to a Harvard statement.The move comes after the student group Justice for Palestine held in October discussion called “The Palestine Exception to Free Speech: A Movement Under Attack” aiming to put international pressure on Israel to end its occupation of Palestinian areas.1.What did Milbank do after its fund was used to support an event hosted by the group Justice for Palestine?A) Ask Harvard Law School to withdraw the money.B) Terminate its support for Harvard Law School.C) Stop sponsoring student events at the prominent law school.D) Clear any misinterpretation of their endorsing similar political viewpoints.2.What can be inferred from the student group’s discussion subject?A) They are pro-Israel.B) They hold pro-Palestine viewpoints.C) They stay neutral.D) They suppress advocates of an independent Palestine.

The terms "global warming" and "climate change" are used by many，seemingly interchangeably.But do they really mean the same thing？ Scientists shaped the history of the terms while attempting to accurately describe how humans continue to alter the planet.Later，political strategists adopted the terms to influence public opinion. In 1975，geochemist Wallace Broecker introduced the term "climate change" in an article published by Science.In 1979，a National Academy of Sciences report used the term "global warming" to define increases in the Earth's average surface temperature，while "climate change" more broadly referred to the numerous effects of this increase，such as sea-level rise and ocean acidification（酸化）. During the following decades，some industrialists and politicians launched a campaign to sow doubt inthe minds of the American public about the ability of fossil-fuel use，deforestation and other human activities to influence the planet's climate. Word use played a critical role in developing that doubt.For example，the language and polls expert Frank Luntz wrote a memo encouraging the use of "climate change" because the phrase sounded less scary than "global warming，" reported the Guardian. However，Luntz's recommendation wasn't necessary.A Google Ngram Viewer chart shows that by 1993 climate change was already more commonly used in books than global warming.By the end of the next decade both words were used more frequently，and climate change was used nearly twice as often as global warming. NASA used the term "climate change" because it more accurately reflects the wide range of changes to the planet caused by increasing amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The debate isn't new.A century ago，chemist Svante Arrhenius started one of the first debates over the potential for humans to influence the planet's climate.Arrhenius calculated the capability of carbon dioxide to trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere，but other chemists disagreed.Some argued that humans weren't producing enough greenhouse gases，while others claimed the effects would be tiny.Now，of course，we know that whatever you call it，human behavior is warming the planet，with grave consequences ahead.（1）Why did politicians use the two terms "global warming" and "climate change"？ ______A.To sway public opinion of the impact of human activities on Earth.B.To more accurately describe the consequences of human activities.C.To win more popular votes in their campaign activities.D.To assure the public of the safety of existing industries.（2）As used in a National Academy of Sciences report，the term "climate change" differs from "globalwarming" in that ______A.it sounds less vagueB.it looks more scientificC.it covers more phenomenaD.it is much closer to reality（3）What did industrialists of the late 20th century resort to in order to mislead Americans？ ______A.Made-up survey results.B.Hired climate experts.C.False research findings.D.eliberate choice of words.（4）What is the author's final conclusion？ ______A.Global warming is the more accurate term.B.Accuracy of terminology matters in science.C.Human activities have serious effects on Earth.D.Politics interferes with serious scientific debate.

What do we learn from the passage about ebikes?A. Their health benefits and fun values outweigh their cost.B. They did not catch public attention in the United States until the 1990s.C. They did not become popular until the emergence of improved batteries.D. Their widespread use is attributable to people’s environmental awareness.

3. preserveA. 预定B. 保持；维持C. 推翻，彻底改变（判定、判决、过程等）D. 锲而不舍，坚持不懈（含褒义）

South Korea says The Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) has fired several artillery rounds near a frontline island. A South Korean Defense Ministry statement said the Korean People's Army "fired a few artillery rounds" on Jangsangot promontory near the disputed border between the two Koreas. The ministry said it believed the move was part of a DPRK "military drill."As a precaution, however, the South has warned residents on Yeonpyeongisland to be prepared to evacuate into shelters.The government has also urged fishing boats to return to their ports.The episode happened amid increased tensions between the two Koreas following Pyongyang's nuclear and missile tests.1.What is the news report mainly about?A) South Korean residents having evacuated into shelters.B) DPRK’s artillery fire near South Korean border.C) Several artillery rounds fired in Pyongyang.D) Tension increased due to Pyongyang’s nuclear tests.2.What can we infer from the South Korean Defense Ministry’s statement?A) South Korea will take punitive action to compel Pyongyang to halt its nuclear program.B) South Korea will cement its trade ties with the DPRK.C) South Korea is frightened by DPRK’s willingness to develop nuclear weapons.D) DPRK’s artillery fire has infringed on South Korean security interests.

What makes Chris Cocalis believe there is a greater opportunity for ebike sales?A. The further lowering of ebike prices.B. The public’s concern for their health.C. The increasing interest in mountain climbing.D. The younger generation’s pursuit of comfortable riding.