Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国政府十分重视环境保护。近年来，中国在减少空气、水和土壤污染上取得了显著成效。为了不断改善人们的生活环境，中国采取了一系列有效措施，包括大力发展清洁能源，改善公共交通，推广共享单车，实施垃圾分类。通过这些措施，中国的城市和农村正在绿起来、美起来。中国还积极参与国际合作，为全球环境保护做出了重要贡献。

Children with attention problems in early childhood were 40% less likely to graduate from high school, says a new study from Duke University.The study included 386 kindergarteners from schools in the Fast Track Project, a multi-site clinical trial in the U.S. that in 1991 began tracking how children developed across their lives.With this study, researchers examined early academic attention and socio-emotional skills and how each contributed to academic success into young adulthood.They found that early attention skills were the most consistent predictor of academic success, and that likability by peers also had a modest effect on academic performance.By fifth grade, children with early attention difficulties had lower grades and reading achievement scores than their peers. As fifth-graders, children with early attention problems obtained average reading scores at least 3% lower than their contemporaries' and grades at least 8% lower than those of their peers. This was after controlling for IQ, socio-economic status and academic skills at school entry.Although these may not seem like large effects, the impact of early attention problems continued throughout the children's academic careers. Lower reading achievement scores and grades in fifth grade contributed to reduced grades in middle school and thereby contributed to a 40% lower high school graduation rate."The children we identified as having attention difficulties were not diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(注意力缺乏多动症)(ADHD), although some may have had the disorder. Our findings suggest that even more modest attention difficulties can increase the risk of negative academic outcomes", said David Rabiner, an associate dean of Duke's Trinity College of Arts & Sciences, whose research has focused on ADHD and interventions to improve academic performance in children with attention difficulties.Social acceptance by peers in early childhood also predicted grades in fifth grade. Children not as liked by their first-grade peers had slightly lower grades in fifth grade, while those with higher social acceptance had higher grades."This study shows the importance of so-called 'non-cognitive' or soft skills in contributing to children's positive peer relationships, which, in turn, contribute to their academic success, " said Kenneth Dodge, director of the Duke Center for Child and Family Policy.The results highlight the need to develop effective early interventions to help those with attention problems stay on track academically and for educators to encourage positive peer relationships, the researchers said."We're learning that student success requires a more comprehensive approach, one that incorporates not only academic skills but also social, self-regulatory and attention skills, " Dodge said. "If we neglect any of these areas, the child's development lags. If we attend to these areas, a child's success may reinforce itself with positive feedback loops."What is the focus of the new study from Duke University? A.The contributors to children's early attention.B.The factors that affect children's emotional well-being.C.The predictors of children's academic success.D.The determinants of children's development of social skills.What do we learn from the findings of the Duke study? A.Modest students are generally more attentive than their contemporaries.B.Children's academic performance may suffer from even slight inattention.C.Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder accounts for most academic failures.D.There are more children with attention difficulties than previously thought.What does the Duke study find about children better accepted by peers? A.They care less about grades.B.They are teachers' favorites.C.They are easy to get on with.D.They do better academically.What can we conclude from the Duke study? A.Children's success is related to their learning environment.B.School curriculum should cover a greater variety of subjects.C.Social skills are playing a key role in children's development.D.An all-round approach should be adopted in school education.

"Other countries have a climate; in England we have weather." This statement is often made by Englishmen, which is both revealing and true. It is revealing because in it we see the Englishman insisting once again that what happens in England is not the same as what happens elsewhere; its truth can soon be found by any foreigner who stays in the country for longer than a few days. It has been said only in England can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day! Day may break as a balmy spring morning; an hour later black clouds may have appeared from nowhere and the rain may be pouring down. At midday conditions may be really wintry with the temperature down by about eight degrees or more. And then, in the late afternoon the sky will clear, the sun will begin to shine, and for an hour or two before darkness falls, it will be summer. In England one can experience almost every kind of weather except the most extreme. Some foreigners seem to be under the impression that for ten months of the year the country is covered by a dense blanket of fog; this is not true. The problem is that we never can be sure when the different sorts of weather will occur. Not only do we get several different sorts of weather in one day, but we may very well get a period of winter in summer and a period of summer in winter. This uncertainty about the weather has had a definite effect upon the Englishman's character; it tends to make him cautious, for example. The foreigner may laugh when he sees the Englishman setting out on a sunny morning wearing a raincoat and carrying an umbrella, but he may well regret his laughter later in the day! The English weather has also helped to make the Englishman adaptable. It has been said that one of the reasons why the English colonized (开拓殖民地) so much of the world was that, whatever the weather conditions they met abroad, they had already experienced something like them at home! And, of course, the weather's variety provides a constant topic of conversation. Even the most unfriendly of Englishmen is always prepared to discuss the weather. And, though he sometimes complains bitterly of it, he would not exchange it for the more predictable (可以预测的) climate of other lands.1. The word "balmy" in the second paragraph probably means ________.A) cloudyB) coldC) pleasant D) wet2. By giving the example in the fourth paragraph, the writer tries to tell the reader that ________.A) it is hard for a foreigner to understand Englishmen’s strange behaviorB) in England it is always sunny in the morning and rainy in the afternoonC) Englishmen are good at foretelling weatherD) the English weather has made English people very careful 3. By reading the last sentence, we can see that Englishmen's basic attitude towards their weather is ________.A) positive B) bitterC) helplessD) indifferent4. Which of the following words can't we use to describe the English weather?A) Varied.B) Uncertain.C) Changeable.D) Predictable. 5. Which of the following is not the writer's view?A) Weather is Englishmen's favorite topic of conversation.B) For most of the year it is foggy in England. C) The English weather has affected Englishmen's character.D) Englishmen could easily make themselves fit for the local weather wherever they went.

* 本题备选项需点击原文空格处获取，在列表上点选即可。 Steel is valued for its reliability, but not when it gets cold. Most forms of steel (26)_____ become brittle (脆的) at temperatures below about -25°C unless they are mixed with other metals. Now, though, a novel type of steel has been developed that resists (27)_____ at much lower temperatures, while retaining its strength and toughness—without the need for expensive (28)_____. Steel’s fragility at low temperatures first became a major concern during the Second World War. After German U-boats torpedoed (用鱼雷攻击) numerous British ships, a 2700-strong fleet of cheap-and-cheerful “Liberty ships” was introduced to replace the lost vessels, providing a lifeline for the (29)_____ British. But the steel shells of hundreds of the ships (30)_____ in the icy north Atlantic, and 12 broke in half and sank. Brittleness remains a problem when building steel structures in cold conditions, such as oil rigs in the Arctic. So scientists have (31)_____ to find a solution by mixing it with expensive metals such as nickel. Yuuji Kimura and colleagues in Japan tried a more physical (32)_____. Rather than adding other metals, they developed a complex mechanical process involving repeated heating and very severe mechanical deformation, known as tempforming. The resulting steel appears to achieve a combination of strength and toughness that is (33)_____ to that of modern steels that are very rich in alloy content and, therefore, very expensive. Kimura’s team intends to use its tempformed steel to make ultra-high strength parts, such as bolts. They hope to reduce both the number of (34)_____ needed in a construction job and their weight—by replacing solid supports with (35)_____ tubes, for example. This could reduce the amount of steel needed to make everything from automobiles to buildings and bridges.

35If you’ve ever looked at the ingredients list while grocery shopping, chances are you’ve seen the term “natural flavors”. But have you taken a 26 to consider what these natural flavors actually are?Most of us might think that “natural flavors” are, well, naturally good for us. A recent study in the journal Appetite found that when the word “natural” appears on packaging, people 27 that the food within is indeed healthier. In truth, natural flavors do not 28 much, at least chemically speaking, from their flavor-boosting 29: artificial flavors. Both can be made in a lab by trained flavorists, but artificial flavors use chemicals to give a product a 30 smell or taste.Natural flavors come from plant or animal 31, like fruit, vegetable, meat, fish or milk that is then processed or refined in some way. In short, natural flavors are 32 from plants and animals to create specific flavors for processed foods. But that does not 33 make it easier to tell what is really in your food. Because the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not 34 the term, companies can use it to refer to pretty much anything derived from a plant or animal. And natural flavors can also include a variety of chemical additives, such as preservatives. The FDA doesn’t require companies to reveal what additional chemicals a specific item 35.So if you want to know for certain what you’re getting with your groceries, you might want to stick to the farmer’s market.A、acknowledgeB、chanceC、containsD、counterpartsE、definedF、differG、especiallyA.extractedB.impliesC.necessarilyD.particularE.perceiveF.secondG.sourcesH.strange

Human beings must seek immediate solutions for problems leading to the rapid ________ of the earth's ozone layer.A. depletionB. deletionC. depressionD. depiction

In order to protect domestic industries, the government decided to _____ anti-dumping tariff on imported products.A. suggestB. removeC. identifyD. impose

The market for products designed specifically for older adults could reach ﹩30 billion by next year， and startups（初创公司） want in on the action． What they sometimes lack is feedback from the people who they hope will use their products． So Brookdale， the country's largest owner of retirement communication， has been inviting a few select entrepreneurs just to move in for a few days， show off their products and hear what the residents have to say． That's what brought Dayle Rodriguez， 28， all the way from England to the dining room of Brookdale South Bay in Torrance， California． Rodriguez is the community and marketing manager for a company called Sentab． The startups product． Sentab TV， enables older adults who may not be comfortable with computers to access email， video chat and social media using just their televisions and a remote control． "It's nothing new， it's nothing too complicated and it's natural because lots of people have TV remotes．" says Roanguez． But none of that is the topic of conversation in the Brookdale dining room． Instead， Rodriguez solicits residents' advice on what he should get on his cheeseburger and how he should spend the afternoon Playing cards was on the agenda， as well as learning to play mahjong（麻将）． Rodriguez says it's important that residents here don't feel like he's selling them something． I've had more feedback in a passive approach． "he says， "Playing pool， playing cards， having dinner， having lunch， all work better than going through a survey of questions． When they get to know me and to trust me， knowing for sure I'm not selling them something -there'll be more honest feedback from them． Rodriguez is just the seventh entrepreneur to move into one of Brookdale's 1， 100 senior living communities． Other new products in the program have included a kind of full-body blow dryer and specially designed clothing that allows people with disabilities to dress and undress themselves． "First and foremost， the residents love it． "says Smith． "It also provides Brookdale the opportunity to learn about and experience new technologies quickly and inexpensively and to make sure that we understand what residents want and need． Mary Lou Busch， 93， agreed to try the Sentab system． She tells Rodriguez that it might be good for someone， but not for her． "I have the computer and Face time， which I talk with my family on． " she explains． She also has an ipad and a smart phone． "So I do pretty much everything I need to do． Rodriguez takes it pretty well． "I' m not going to lie to you， I would've liked a more positive response． " he says． But "if people don't need it or want it， it's up to us to change， adapt it or make it more useful． To be fair， if Rodriguez had wanted feedback from some more technophobic（害怕技术的） seniors he might have ended up in the wrong Brookdale community． This one is located in the heart of Southem Califomia's aerospace corridor． Many residents have backgrounds in engineering， business and academic circles． But Rodriguez says he's still learning something important by moving into this Brookdale community： "People are more tech-skilled than we thought． And besides， where else would he learn to play mahjong？（1）What does the passage say about the startups？___A． They want to have a share of the seniors' goods marketB． They try to profit from promoting digital products to seniors．C． They invite seniors to their companies to try their productsD． They never lose time in upgrading products for seniors（2）Some entrepreneurs have been invited to Brookdale to___A． show senior residents how to use IT productsB． have an interview with potential customerC． conduct a survey of retirement communitiesD． collect residents' feedback on their products（3）What do we know about Sentab TV？___A． It is a digital TV which enjoys popularity among seniorsB． It is a TV specially designed for seniors to view programs．C． It is a communication system via TV instead of a computerD． It is a TV program catering to the interest of the elderly（4）Which of the following best explains "solicits" underlined in Paragraph 4？___A， rejectsB． offersC． voicesD． seeks（5）What does Rodriguez say is important in promoting products？___A． Knowing the likes and dislikes of customersB． Responding promptly to customer feedbackC． Winning trust from potential customersD． Demonstrating their superiority on the spot（6）What do we learn about the seniors in the Brookdale community？___A． Most of them enjoy a longer life than average people．B． They are quite at ease with high-tech productsC． Most of them are interested in using the Sentab．D． They have much in common with seniors elsewhere

The hungry children are going to have a midnight _ at the camp.A. feastB. celebrityC. banquetD. festival