We get a fairly large portion of calories from fast food and snacks.A、A. Why do so many Americans eat tons of processed food, the stuff that is correctly called junk(垃圾) and should really carry warning labels?B、B. It's not because fresh ingredients are hard to come by. Supermarkets offer more variety than ever, and there are over four times as many farmers' markets in the US as there were 20 years ago. Nor is it for lack of available information. There are plenty of recipes(食谱), how-to videos and cooking classes available to anyone who has a computer, smartphone or television. If anything, the information is overwhelming.C、C. And yet we aren't cooking. If you eat three meals a day and behave like most Americans, you probably get at least a third of your daily calories(卡路里) outside the home. Nearly two-thirds of us grab fast food once a week, and we get almost 25%25 of our daily calories from snacks. So we're eating out or taking in, and we don't sit down — or we do, but we hurry.D、D. Shouldn't preparing — and consuming — food be a source of comfort, pride, health, well-being, relaxation, sociability? Something that connects us to other humans? Why would we want to outsource(外包) this basic task, especially when outsourcing it is so harmful?E、E. When I talk about cooking, I'm not talking about creating elaborate dinner parties or three-day science projects. I'm talking about simple, easy, everyday meals. My mission is to encourage green hands and those lacking time or money to feed themselves. That means we need modest, realistic expectations, and we need to teach people to cook food that's good enough to share with family and friends.

Cloze-|||-Complete the passage with appropropriawords or expressions chosen from the box.-|||-Change the form when necessary.-|||-assess cooperate decefe emergency encounter-|||-explore negotiate reveal survive undertake-|||-at first figure out in sb.'s interest(s) size up within reach-|||-Animal behavior is the way that animals act.For example,how do-|||-they 1) to get food or take care of their young? How do they-|||-__-|||-2) __ an environment and keep themselves out of danger? How-|||-do they act when 3)) 9.enemies?Do they try to 4) __-|||-__-|||-the latter? How do they decide on fight or flight if deceiving does not work?-|||-Much of animal behavior is innate;that is,animals are born with it.However,-|||-research 5) __ that animals learn much other behavior.-|||-One simple type of learned behavior is habituation(习惯化).This happens-|||-when an animal learns to feel comfortable in a new situation and doesn't pay-|||-attention to it anymore.For example,young horses are 6) __-|||-_________________________afraid-|||-of noisy streets.But after a while,they learn to pay no attention to the normal-|||-sights and sounds of a city.-|||-Another kind of learned behavior is conditioniong(条件反射).It is a way of-|||-learning by association.In 1900,Ivan Pavlov,a Russian biologist,7) __-|||-____-|||-conditioning in dogs.Dogs innately salivate (分泌唾液)when they smell food.-|||-Pavlov 8) __ that if he rang a bell every time he gave food to a dog-|||-it would eventually salivate when it heard the bell alone,without food.-|||-The dog's senses were tricked,but most learning is 9) __-|||-animals.It enables them to better 10) __

1、A. It determines people´s moods.B. It can impact people´s wellbeing.C. It can influence people´s personalities.D. It is closely related to people´s emotions.2、E. They make people more reproductive.F. They tend to produce positive feelings.G. They increase people´s life expectancy.H. They may alter people´s genes gradually.3、I. The Americans are apparently more outgoing than the Chinese.J. People in the same geographical area may differ in personality.K. People share many personality traits despite their nationalities.L. The link between temperature and personality is fairly weak.

There is a geophysical service company inCambridge, England. Before returning to themotherland, Huang Danian, the Chinese 1) st____ scientist, worked there. He led histeam to achieve various technologicalbreakthroughs and obtained 2) ac____ dataon deep earth exploration.However, Huang had never forgotten hiscommitment to the homeland and hismission to 3) re____ the nation. At the endof 2009, he returned home with his family. Itwas not a 4) ran____ choice. As adistinguished expert, he served as a full-timeprofessor at his alma mater, Jilin University,and the chief scientist of the earth explorationproject.This project gathered more than 400outstanding scientific and technologicalpersonnel from the 5) s____ communityacross the country to carry out the researchon two major areas: precise measurementtechnology and key equipment for deep earthexploration, both of which our country was in6) ur____ need of. Since then, the desire to7) ov____ adversity and narrow thetechnological gaps between China anddeveloped countries became Huang and otherpersonnel's motivation to work tirelessly.By 2016, the research team led by him hadmade 8) ex____ achievements, which wereselected for a national exhibition, alongsideachievements of many other famousscientists. Looking back on the 9) sci____advancements he and his team had made, hesaid calmly, "As long as the homeland needsme, I will go all out." What 10) ex____words!Huang Danian is definitely one of the pillars ofthe motherland. He raced against time to 11) f____ the dream to rejuvenate China andmake the motherland shine. His 12) in____story will forever inspire us to forge aheadalong the path he took - the best way tocommemorate him.

Research on online dating indicated that participants-|||-who had more potential partners did not experience-|||-any greater emotional satisfaction than those who had-|||-fewer options.In fact,they were more 11 about-|||-their choices. These findings do not only 12 -|||-online dating.Other research has also shown that more-|||-choices can 13 people less satisfied and more-|||-confused.-|||-Have you ever had trouble trying to decide what-|||- 14 of shampoo to buy in the supermarket? Well-|||-several experiments have shown that,when shoppers-|||-are presented with either an 15 or limited amount-|||-of consumer choices,more people actually end up-|||-making 16 -|||-_and are happier when they are offered-|||-with a limited set of options.-|||-In an attempt to cope with the large amount of-|||-information and potential choices on a daily basis,we-|||-tend to 17 on our instinct to help make our-|||-decisions.Instinct is a ( making tool that saves-|||-/10-|||-11.-|||-A A transactions B category-|||-C distinctions D specify-|||-E rational F F identify-|||-G irrational H overlooking-|||-① prior ① overload

The Amazon Echo, a voice-driven cylindrical computer that sits on a table top and answers to the name Alexa, can call up music tracks and radio stations, tell jokes, answer trivia questions and control smart appliances; even before Christmas it was already resident in about 4% of American households. Voice assistants are proliferating in smartphones, too: Apple’s Siri handles over 2bn commands a week, and 20% of Google searches on Android-powered handsets in America are input by voice. Dictating e-mails and text messages now works reliably enough to be useful. Why type when you can talk? Simple though it may seem, voice has the power to transform computing, by providing a natural means of interaction. Windows, icons and menus, and then touchscreens, were welcomed as more intuitive ways to deal with computers than entering complex keyboard commands. But being able to talk to computers abolishes the need for the abstraction of a “user interface” at all. Just as mobile phones were more than existing phones without wires, and cars were more than carriages without horses, so computers without screens and keyboards have the potential to be more useful, powerful and ubiquitous than people can imagine today. Voice will not wholly replace other forms of input and output. Sometimes it will remain more convenient to converse with a machine by typing rather than talking (Amazon is said to be working on an Echo device with a built-in screen). But voice is destined to account for a growing share of people’s interactions with the technology around them, from washing machines that tell you how much of the cycle they have left to virtual assistants in corporate call-centres. However, to reach its full potential, the technology requires further breakthroughs—and a resolution of the tricky questions it raises around the trade-off between convenience and privacy. Computer-dictation systems have been around for years. But they were unreliable and required lengthy training to learn a specific user’s voice. Computers’ new ability to recognise almost anyone’s speech dependably without training is the latest manifestation of the power of “deep learning”, an artificial-intelligence technique in which a software system is trained using millions of examples, usually culled from the internet. Thanks to deep learning, machines now nearly equal humans in transcription accuracy, computerised translation systems are improving rapidly and text-to-speech systems are becoming less robotic and more natural-sounding. Computers are, in short, getting much better at handling natural language in all its forms Although deep learning means that machines can recognise speech more reliably and talk in a less stilted manner, they still don’t understand the meaning of language. That is the most difficult aspect of the problem and, if voice-driven computing is truly to flourish, one that must be overcome. Computers must be able to understand context in order to maintain a coherent conversation about something, rather than just responding to simple, one-off voice commands, as they mostly do today (“Hey, Siri, set a timer for ten minutes”). Researchers in universities and at companies large and small are working on this very problem, building “bots” that can hold more elaborate conversations about more complex tasks, from retrieving information to advising on mortgages to making travel arrangements. Many voice-driven devices are always listening, waiting to be activated. Some people are already concerned about the implications of internet-connected microphones listening in every room and from every smartphone. Not all audio is sent to the cloud—devices wait for a trigger phrase (“Alexa”, “OK, Google”, “Hey, Cortana”, or “Hey, Siri”) before they start relaying the user’s voice to the servers that actually handle the requests—but when it comes to storing audio, it is unclear who keeps what and when.【小题1】According to Paragraph I the American Echo ___ A．has been sold out before Christmas B．has been used by most American families C．came out the market later than Apple’s Siri D．is more useful than smart phones in fictating e-mails 【小题2】What can we infer about the technology of voice computing? A．It is more effective and convenient than typing B．It needs to be improved in some important aspects C．It increases a person’s chances of communicating with others D．It will replace other forms of input and output in the near future 【小题3】What are some users of voice -driven devices concerned about? A．The devices will be in charge of theit life B．The devices need to be activeated before working C．They are in the dark about their data’s ownership D．Their voices can be recognized by every smart technology? 【小题4】What’s the author’s attitude towards voice-driven technology? A．Worried B．Doubtful C．Supportive D．Objective

Should humans explore space？If you ask me，I'll definitely give a positive answer. The exploitation （开发） of space has a direct impact on the lives of humans，as well as the state of our world.Satellites moving around the earth enable communication across the world.connecting people of different continents and broadcasting information worldwide.The Global Positioning System （GPS） can identify our location anywhere.Furthermore，weather satellites can forecast harmful weather conditions which allows humans to prepare for deadly natural disasters and save lives. Space programs can also indirectly contribute to the solution to poverty and world hunger.For example，large plots of land could be used far better if humans applied technologies.The most effective tool is the artificial earth satellite.It can screen areas of land within a very short time，indicating useful measures such as the condition of crops，soil rainfall，and droughts.It can then transmit this information to ground stations on the earth for better use. In recent years，space-based technologies have become an important factor to reach and expand global health objectives.Information provided by remote technologies can be applied to study the epidemiology （流行病学）.This data provided by space technologies can monitor disease patterns，understand the environmental causes that spread it，make predictions about where it can spread in the future，and make plans to fight it efficiently. Furthermore，access to better education means better life prospects and opportunities for human beings.Rural communities have disadvantaged access to education and satellite communication technologies are trying to bridge this gap.With the advancement of technology，students can now access any information and connect with peers and teachers in different parts of the world via video conferences and the creation of virtual classrooms. Space exploration is something we can do for future generations.Mankind is using the resources provided on the planet，but these will run out one day.Overpopulation can be an existential threat for all mankind.With the advancement of space technology，it will be wise to use and explore the vast potential of other planets，such as the availability of mining resources on asteroids or other planets. For the exploration of the universe，perhaps the most advantageous of all is that it will unite us to work together for a common purpose，regardless of our differences.（1）What can space exploitation do according to Paragraph 2？ ____ A．Improve the traffic on the earth.B．Promote travel between countries.C．Help prevent deadly natural disasters.D．Help humans communicate and exchange information.（2）How can space programs help with poverty and world hunger？ ____ A．By benefiting crop production with artificial earth satellites.B．By transporting food worldwide more easily.C．By creating job opportunities for the poor.D．By protecting available land resources.（3）What does the author think of mining resources on other planets？ ____ A．Time-wasting.B．Arguable.C．Necessary.D．Educational.（4）What would be the best title for the text？ ____ A．Why Space Exploration Is Important？B．Why Humankind Should Keep Exploring？C．Why We Should Improve Space Technology？D．Why Humans Should Keep Developing Technologies？

3.[判断题]People living in high context cultures are expected to pay more attention to the words used in communication than to the context in which things are said.Nevertheless,people in low context cultures pay much attention to interpreting what others mean;they often give more weight to the context than to the actual words said.A. 对B. 错

Fill in the blanks by selecting suitable words from the word bank.You may not use any of the words more than once. A.origin B.literallyC.persistent plicatedE.innovative F.pursueG.constantly H.civilizationI.evolution J.fulfill People become scientists for different reasons.Some wish to cure diseases；some want to save the environment；and some are interested in knowing more about the （1） ____ of our species，from single-cells to the complex creatures we are today. But for some，the goal is even bigger：to answer the question "What is the（2） ____ of all life，and how was our universe created？". Many believe that the answer to this question is so （3） ____ that no human could possibly discover it.Indeed，there are even some people within the scientific community who believe that we should（4） ____ more realistic goals. However，many argue that society needs ambitious people，（5） ____ striving for seemingly impossible goals and daring to persevere with ideas that others think are crazy.They argue that the advanced （6） ____ we enjoy today is the result of the human quality of being（7） ____ ，even in the face of extreme adversity（逆境）. We can learn from this that good things do not come easily，and you should always persist in pursuing your dreams.

Henceforth, parties which fail to get 5% of the vote will not be represented in parliament.v. 崇拜;爱慕ad. 从此以后v. 酿造;煮(咖啡);泡(茶)v. 喜爱;热爱