17.It's no __ that startups start around universities, because that s where smart people meet. A use B guarantee C need D coincidence

The researchers, from the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, said the biggest _ to community college students in going on to obtain a bachelor's degree is lost credits.A. misconceptionB. exceptionC. obstacleD. ambition

1 Before I start, I ask you to imagine a scene. You have been assigned by your boss to make a presentation about your recent project, and you are determined to make it a success. After all, it's a great chance for you to showcase yourself and catch attention. You sit up all night preparing for it. The next day, when you arrive at the meeting room, you see it's filled with expectant audience — your colleagues, supervisors, and boss. Your presentation is all ready to go. You feel good. As you begin your PowerPoint presentation, you can even visualize the celebrating crowds in your office.2 Then suddenly, you notice a silence. You wonder why. As you turn to look at your PowerPoint screen, you are hit by the simple spelling errors on it! You feel bad. Throughout the whole presentation, you are embarrassed and apologize each time a spelling error occurs. The presentation turns out to be a failure.3 In real life, people want to succeed in things they do. So, they make every effort to grasp the big things. They assume that as long as they take care of the big things, everything else will fall into place on its own. That assumption is not true while the film is on.3. What are the language features of the speech? In particular, what types of words and sentence structures are mainly used? What rhetorical devices can be found?

At the time we couldn't have _____ the result of our campaigning.（ ）A. promptedB. provokedC. encouragedD. anticipated

5. I lacked the vocabulary, to ______ my feelings ______ words.A. attach ... toB. translate ... intoC. change ... intoD. apply ... to

A Roadmap for the Planet From the 18th through the mid-19th century, whale oil provided light to much of the Western world. At its peak, whaling employed 70,000 people and was the United States’ fifth-largest industry. The U. S. stood as the world’s foremost whale slayer. Producing millions of gallons of oil each year, the industry was widely seen as unquestionable. Without whale oil, so the thinking from the advocates even went, the world would slide backward toward darkness. By today’s standard, of course, killing whales is considered savage. Two hundred years ago there was no environmental movement to speak of. But one wonders if the whalers, finding that each year they needed to go farther to kill massive sea mammals, ever asked themselves: what will happen when we run out of whales’ Such questions today constitute the base of the ever-louder logic of sustainability. Climate activists and campaigning environmentalists argue that the industrialized countries of the world have made sizable withdrawals on nature’s fixed allowance, and unless we change our ways, and soon, we are doomed to an abrupt end. Take the recent proclamation from the United Nations, Environment Program, which argued that governments should dramatically cut back on the use of resources. The mantra (咒语)has become commonplace, our current way of living is selfish and unsustainable. We are wrecking the world. We are polluting the water and the air. We are killing plants and animals, and leaving a devastated planet for future generations. In other words, humanity is doomed. It is a compelling story, no doubt. It is also fundamentally wrong, and the consequences are severe. Tragically, exaggerated environmental worries―and the willingness of so many to believe them―could ultimately prevent us from finding smarter ways to actually help our planet and ensure the health of the environment for future generations. Because, our fears notwithstanding, we actually get smarter. Although Westerners were once reliant on whale oil for lighting, we never actually ran out of whales. Why High demand and rising prices for whale oil spurred a search for and investment in the 19th-century version of alternative energy. First, kerosene (煤油) from petroleum replaced whale oil. We didn’t run out of kerosene, either: electricity supplanted it because it was a superior way to light our planet. For generations, we have consistently underestimated our capacity for innovation. There was a time when we worried that all of London would be covered with horse manure because of the increasing use of horse-drawn carriages. Thanks to the invention of the car, London has 7 million inhabitants today. Manure disaster averted. In fact, would-be catastrophes have regularly been pushed aside throughout human history, and so often became of innovation and technological development. We never just continue to do the same old thing. We innovate and avoid the anticipated problems. Think of the whales, and then think of the debate over cutting emissions today. Instead of single-mindedly trying to force people to do without carbon-emitting fuels, we must recognize that we won’t make any real progress in cutting CO2 emissions until we can create affordable, efficient alternatives. We are far from that point today., much- hyped technologies such as wind and solar energy remain very expensive and inefficient compared with cheap fossil fuels. Globally, wind provides just 0.3 percent of our energy, and solar a minuscule 0.1 percent. Current technology is so inefficient that, to take just one example, if we were serious about wind power, we would have to blanket most countries with wind turbines to generate enough energy for everybody, and we would still have the massive problem of storage. We don’t know what to do when the wind doesn’t blow. Making the necessary breakthroughs will require mass improvements across many technologies. The sustainable response to global warming, then, is one that sees us get much more serious about investment into alternative-energy research and development. This has a much greater likelihood of leaving future generations at least the same opportunities as we have today. Because what, exactly, is sustainability Fourteen years ago, the United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development report "Our Common Future", chaired by Gro Harlem Brundtland, provided the most- quoted definition. Sustainable development "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs". The measure of success, then, is whether or not we give future generations the same opportunities that we have had. As humans have become richer and more educated, we have been able to enjoy more leisure time. In most developed countries, yearly working hours have fallen drastically since the end of the 19th century: today we work only about half as much as we did then. Over the last 30 years or so, total free time for men and women has increased, thanks to reductions in workload and housework. We have consistently achieved these remarkable developments by focusing on technological innovation and investment designed to create a richer future. And while major challenges remain, the future appears to hold great promise, too. By the end of the century, the U. N. estimates we will live to be 85 on average, and virtually everyone will read, write, and have access to food, water, and sanitation. That’s not too shabby. Rather than celebrating this amazing progress, many find it distasteful. Instead of acknowledging and learning from it, we bathe ourselves in guilt, fretting about our supposed unsustainable lives. Certainly many argue that while the past may have improved, surely it doesn’t matter for the future, because we are destroying the environment! But not so fast. In recent decades, air quality in wealthy countries has vastly improved. In virtually every developed country, the air is more breathable and the water is more drinkable than they were in 1970. London, renowned for centuries for its infamous smog and severe pollution, today has the cleanest air that it has had since the Middle Ages. Eventually, with increased affluence, developed countries gradually were better able to afford a cleaner environment. That is happening already today in some of the richest developing countries: air-pollution levels in Mexico City have been dropping precisely because of better technology and more wealth. Though air pollution is by far the most menacing for humans, water quality has similarly been getting better. Forests, too, are regrowing in rich countries, though still being lost in poor places where slash-and-burn is preferable to starvation. We know from experience that more prosperous countries are more able to respond to the challenges that climate change will pose. They are much more resilient to natural disasters while more able to invest in measures such as greener cities and flood protection. Yet instead of first making sure that everybody is better off and more resilient, our response to global warming has been to try to cut back carbon emissions too soon. In reality, this means reining in growth and making do with less than we could have otherwise. We forget too easily that innovation and ingenuity have solved most major problems in the past. Living sustainably means learning the lessons from history. And chief among those is that the best legacy we can leave our descendants is to ensure that they are prosperous enough to respond flexibly to the unknown challenges ahead.According to the report "Our Common Future", what does sustainable development mean A．Whether we create enough natural resources for our future generations.B．Whether we let our future generations enjoy the same opportunities as we do.C．Whether we create sufficient wealth for our future generations.D．Whether we leave a better environment to our future generations.

第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)-|||-第一节 (共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)-|||-阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。-|||-A-|||-Skip the Line:Louvre Museum Walking Tour-|||-Experience culture and art through the ages with a small-group tour of Paris`Louvre-|||-Museum.Jump the queue and spend three hours with an English-speaking guide,seeing and-|||-learning about some of the museum`s35,000 artworks across eight themed galleries.Then-|||-enjoy time on your own to explore,viewing paintings sculptures archathite from 450-|||-BC to the 19th century.Numbers are limited to 25 on this small-group tour so that tourists-|||-can appreciate the artworks at close range.-|||-What`s Included-|||-Local guide-|||-Audio headsets-|||-Guaranteed to skip the long lines-|||-Small-group tour or private tour (if option selected)-|||-Please note:Evening tours are limited to Wednesdays and Fridays at 6:30pm.For an-|||-extra unique experience,book an evening session and wind through the quiet corridors at-|||-night,when the crowds are gone and the artworks are basking in soft light.Enjoy the tour-|||-without all the noise,and finish with great views of the Louvre`s glittery outside pyramid lit-|||-up after dusk.-|||-Additional Information-|||-Confirmation will be received at time of booking.-|||-Nowheelchair accessible.-|||-Due to heightened security measures,you may experience delays in clearing security checks-|||-when entering the museum.-|||-Travellers should have a moderate physical fitness level.-|||-Large bags,backpacks,and suitcases are not permitted in the museum.-|||-Please note that parties of 7 or more people may be split in different groups on the day of-|||-the tour at the meeting point.-|||-Cancellation Policy-|||-For a full refund(退款),cancel at least 24 hours in advance of the start date of the-|||-experience.-|||-21.What is the characteristic of the tour? C-|||-A. wheelchair-friindly. B.There are no security checks.-|||-C.Visitors needn`t wait in long lines. D.Tourists can access the most artworks.-|||-22.Why does the tour set a limit to visitor numbers? D-|||-A.To make sure of social distancing. B.To avoid damage to the museum.-|||-C.To protect the museum`s exhibits D.To ensure visitors a closer experience.-|||-23.What are the visitors advised to do? B-|||-A.Carry small bags or backpacks. B.Book evening tours to save money.-|||-C.Wear comfortable shoes and clothes. D.Gather at the meeting point on time.

Motion pictures are so much a part of our lives that it's hard to imagine a world without them． We enjoy them in theatres， at home， in offices， in cars and buses， and on airplanes．① For about 100 years， people have been trying to understand why this medium has so attracted us． Films communicate information and ideas， and they show us places and ways of life we might not otherwise know． Important as the benefits are， though， something more is at stake． Films offer us ways of seeing and feeling that we find deeply satisfying． They take us through experiences． The experiences are often driven by stories， with characters we come to care about， but a film might also develop an idea or explore visual qualities or sound textures． A film takes us on a journey， offering a patterned experience that engages our minds and emotions．② Films are designed to have effects on viewers． Late in the 19th century， moving pictures emerged as a public amusement． They succeeded because they spoke to the imaginative needs of a broad-based audience． All the traditions that emerged- telling fictional stories， recording actual events， animating objects or pictures， experimenting with pure form-aimed to give viewers experiences they couldn't get from other media． The men and women who made films discovered that they could control aspects of cinema to give their audience richer， more engaging experiences． Learning from one another， expanding and refining the options available， filmmakers developed skills that became the basis of film as an art form．③The popular origins of cinema suggest that some common ways of talking won't help us much in understanding film． Take the distinction between art and entertainment． Some people would say that blockbusters（大片） playing at the multiplex are merely "entertainment"， whereas films for a narrower public-perhaps independent films for festival fare， or specialized experimental works-are true art． Usually the art / entertainment split carries a not-so-hidden value judgment： art is high-brow， whereas entertainment is superficial． Yet things aren't that simple． As we just indicated， many of the artistic resources of cinema were discovered by filmmakers working for the general public． During the 1910s and 1920s， for instance， many films that aimed only to be entertaining opened up new possibilities for film editing． As for the matter of value， it's clear that popular traditions can promote art of high quality． Cinema is an art because it offers filmmakers ways to design experiences for viewers， and those experiences can be valuable．④ Sometimes， too， people treat film art as opposed to film as a business． This split is related to the issue of entertainment， since entertainment generally is sold to a mass audience． Again， however， in most modern societies， no art floats free of economic ties． Novels good， bad， or indifferent are published because publishers expect to sell them． Painters hope that collectors and museums will acquire their work． True， some artworks are funded through taxes or private donations， but that process， too， involves the artist in a financial transaction（交易）． Films are no different． Others are funded by patronage or public moneys． Even if you decide to make your own digital movie， you face the problem of paying for it-and you may hope to earn a little extra for all your time and effort．The crucial point is that considerations of money don't necessarily make the artist any less creative or the project any less worthwhile． Money can corrupt any line of business （consider politics）， but it doesn't have to． In Renaissance Italy， painters were commissioned by the Catholic church to illustrate events from the Bible． Michaelangelo and Lenonardo da Vinci worked for hire， but it would be hard to argue that it hurt their artistry．Here we won't assume that film art prevents entertainment． We won't take the opposite position either-claiming that only Hollywood mass-market movies are worth attention． Similarly， we don't think that film art rises above commercial demand， but we also won't assume that money rules everything． Any art form offers a vast range of creative possibilities． Our basic assumption is that as an art， film offers experiences that viewers find worthwhile．66． Where should the sentence "It doesn't happen by accident．" be put in the passage？ ____ A． ①B． ②C． ③D． ④67． Which of the following statements about film is TRUE？ ____ A． Hollywood films are usually far more appealing．B． Film offers a wide variety of creative possibilities．C． Films are made in the hope that consumers will pay to see them．D． When watching films， viewers feel controlled by film designers．68． The writer uses the examples of Michaelangelo and Lenonardo da Vinci to ____ ．A． indicate that money is unlikely to corrupt artistryB． show that money doesn't necessarily destroy artistryC． prove that money cannot buy everything in the field of artD． suggest that money is an important concern even for famous artists69． According to the writer， film should ____ A． avoid concentrating on popular traditionsB． focus on artistry rather than entertainmentC． provide the audience with something worthwhileD． earn enough to pay for the developers' time and effort70． Which of the following can be the proper title for the passage？ ____ A． Film： art or businessB． Art or entertainmentC． Film offers us experiencesD． Money doesn't rule everything

CI plan to remember this year's vacation season with just two words: NEVER AGAIN. Never again, that is, will I take all my technology along. The Internet has ruined summer vacations.Instead of reading dog-eared summerhouse mystery novels, this year we browsed the Internet. Instead of long evenings of crossword puzzles or board games, we checked our Twitter feeds and updated our Facebook pages. And that, of course, is the problem with the Internet: It's so easy that, unless you're equipped with massive self-control, you use it if it's there.For several years, I kept my Internet addiction under control by using inconvenient technology: a laptop which is old and not in good condition and a slow dial-up connection. But this year, the combination of a new iPad and very good Wi-Fi turned out to be fatal. The magical iPad signaled silently from the picnic table: What harm could it be to give the e-mail a quick check? But once that attractive touch screen lights up, who can resist?I'm not the first to get lost across this problem, of course. I, m a late adopter. As early as 2008, Nicholas Carr, author of The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains, was warning that broadband Internet was reducing our attention spans and making us stupid. The Web, he said, encourages us to get stuck into our "natural state of distractedness." Even before that, in 2000, Harvard's Robert Putnam warned that television-and, more broadly, staring into any kind of screen-had reduced the amount of time families spent in social interactions. And last year, researchers at UC-Irvine reported that employees who were unplugged from their e-mail got more work done-and experienced far less stress.Access to the Web is unquestionably a wonderful thing. I love having a bottomless library at my fingertips; I love having the world's newspapers on my electronic doorstep. I love being able to pay bills and make airplane reservations online. And, thanks to those ugly cell phone towers in the woods, we now have a way to call for help if we need an ambulance or a fire truck. It's also nice to have an app that identifies the constellations (星座)when you hold the iPad up to the night sky. But then, you have to remember to put the screen down and simply drink in the stars-the original, uncut version.And that's the point: It's important not to let the convenience of the Internet get in the way of simpler beauties. It's our fault instead of the Internet, for failing to control the urge to browse. My problem is learning how to limit the time I spend on it. So now I have one more thing to look forward to next summer: More time reading old novels; more time playing crossword puzzles and chasing frogs. Next year, I promise to unplug. Except, of course, when we need to find a new bike trail, or Google a recipe for wild blueberry pie.1Throughout the passage, what evidence does the author provide to support the claims he makes in paragraph 2? A.Scientific studies and statistics about Internet use.B. Historical facts regarding the effects of television and the Internet.C. Personal accounts and opinions of those who have studied the Internet.D. Results of opinion polls about Internet use.2 According to the passage, how does the writer keep himself from getting addicted to the Internet? A. By using outdated laptops with poor Internet access.B. By only giving the e-mail a quick look.C. By keeping the electronic devices out of reach.D. By accessing new iPad and good Wi-Fi.3In the article, UC-Irvine research functions as __________ . A. a personal account that illustrates an idea about social lifeB. a restatement of the author's main argumentC. historical context to allow the reader to understand the article's settingD. evidence to support a point made by Nicolas Carr4Which of the following statement will the author probably agree to? A. people should not rely simply on the Internet to provide them with news and other informationB. people can have meaningful vacations only if they leave all electronic devices at homeC. although the Internet is often useful, it can become addictive and prevent human interactionD. even though there are some good things about the Internet, overall it has affected civilization for the worse