It has probably happened to you: You are in a meeting, but your boss is totally distracted by their phone — drawn away by the latest ping of an email or text message, or scrolling a news feed. The phenomenon is called boss phubbing," which is when a supervisor snubs (冷落) an employee in favor of his mobile phone when they are meeting. And two researchers of marketing at Baylor University have found that this behavior undermines trust and engagement in the workplace.Their research drew on survey responses from 413 supervisors and employees. The participants were asked to respond to statements that measured degrees of boss phubbing. The researchers found that boss phubbing negatively impacts employees' trust in their supervisor, which in turn negatively affects the employee's feeling that their work is meaningful, that they have the necessary resources to do their job, and that they are in a safe working environment. All this in turn leads to decreased employee engagement and productivity.Employees who experience boss phubbing, they wrote, "are less likely to feel that their work is valuable to their own professional growth." In addition, "employees who work under the supervision of an untrusted, phubbing supervisor tend to have lower confidence in their own ability to carry out their job, which negatively impacts engagement."

Recently，the rural basketball game，held in Taipan Village，Taijiang County，in Southwest China's Guizhou Province，has attracted widespread attention across the country because of its warm atmosphere（氛围）.Since the game was held by local villagers and most players came from villages，the game was known as "Village BA，" termed after "NBA". Villagers there held the basketball game to celebrate the local "Chixin" Festival，a traditional farming festival of ethnic minorities in southern China to celebrate a good harvest in early autumn and pray for another in the coming year. The popularity of the event even overcame the hottest days of the summer in 2022.It not only attracted people from all over the country to cheer for the players，but also had more than 100 million audiences on the Internet at the same time. "The closest thing to the NBA in Asia is not the CBA，but the 'VBA'." netizens said.In March 2023，Guizhou Province hosted the first edition of the local league（联盟） game under the title "Beautiful Countryside" there.On March 27th，the team of Qiandongnan won the title by beating the team from Zunyi City. Interestingly，during halftime，there were also amazing ethnic dance shows，and the prize for the winners of the game was local products，which all highlighted（突出） the local culture. Yao Ming，chairman of the Chinese Basketball Association，said that "Village BA" is not simply a basketball game，but an event gathering all neighboring villagers to enjoy the fun.He hopes the game will get better and help with the development of basketball in China.（1）How dose the writer start the passage？ ____ A．By asking questions.B．By showing facts.C．By giving examples.（2）Which of the following might be the prize of the game？ ____ A．B．C．（3）What does Yao Ming think of "Village BA"？ ____ A．Educational.B．Meaningful.C．International.（4）The passage mainly introduces Village BA from ____ .①the reason for holding the game②the popularity of the event③the prize for the game④the story about Yao MingA．①②③B．②③④C．①③④

There are three basic elements to look for when judging the quality of a psychological test – reliability, validity, and standardization.RELIABILITY is a measure of the test's consistency. A useful test is consistent over time. As an analogy, think of a bathroom scale. If it gives you one weight the first time you step on it, and a different weight when you step on it a moment later, it is not reliable. Similarly, if an IQ test yields a score of 95 for an individual today and 130 next week, it is not reliable. Reliability also can be a measure of a test's internal consistency. All of the items on a test should be measuring the same thing – from a statistical standpoint, the items should correlate with each other.VALIDITY is a measure of a test's usefulness. Scores on the test should be related to some other behavior, reflective (反映出...的) of personality, ability, or interest. For instance, a person who scores high on an IQ test would be expected to do well in school or on jobs requiring intelligence. A person who scores high on a scale of depression should be diagnosed as depressed by mental health professionals who assess him. A validity correlation reflects the degree to which such relationships exist. Relatively low correlations mean that some people may score high on a scale of depression without being depressed and some people may score high on an IQ test and yet not do well in school.STANDARDIZATION is the process of trying out the test on a group of people to see the scores which are typically obtained. In this way, any test taker can make sense of his score by comparing it to typical scores. This standardization provides a mean and standard deviation (标准差) relative to a certain group. When an individual takes the test, he can determine how far above or below the average his score is, relative to the norm group. When evaluating a test, it is very important to determine how the norm group was selected. For instance, if everyone in the norm group took the test by logging into a website, you are probably being compared to a group which is very different from the general population.(1) (单选题)If a test is reliable, it _____________.A. gives a different result when it is taken at a different timeB. consistently elicits the same response from an individualC. should work in the same way a bathroom scale doesD. D. has various different items measuring different things(2) (单选题)From paragraph 3, we can learn that "test validity" is ______________.A. a way to measure how well a person has performed in school or on jobsB. a means to predict what personality a person will probably developC. a guide to help health professionals diagnose a particular patientD. an indicator of how much meaning can be placed upon the test result(3) (单选题)According to the passage, the purpose of test standardization is _________.A. to select a group of people to form the norm group for a testB. to obtain typical scores of a test so as to rank future test takersC. to evaluate how well a test can measure a test taker's abilityD. to set a standard a test must meet when designing its questions(4) (单选题)In talking about standardization of a test, the writer implies that ____________.A. the norm group must represent the population for which the test is intendedB. everyone in the norm group should be able to use computer technology wellC. the larger the norm group, the more standardized the test will be consideredD. the norm group for every test must be selected from the general population(5) (单选题)The best title for the passage would be _____________.A. "What Does a Test Measure?"B. "How to Interpret a Test Score?"C. "What Makes a Good Test?"D. "How to Standardize a Test?"

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.A number of studies have looked at how family life can affect productivity and satisfaction in the workplace. However, there has been underline(26) little research on the influence of leisure activities. So Ciara Kelly and colleagues recruited 129 hobbyists to look at how the time spent on their hobbies their work life.The researchers found that when participants spent longer than underline(28) on their leisure activity, their belief in their ability to perform their job was strengthened. But this was only the underline(29) when they had a serious hobby that was dissimilar to their job, or when their hobby was similar to their work but they only did it underline(30). When their hobby was both serious and similar to their job, then spending more time on it actually decreased their work underline(31).Why might that be? To maintain a serious hobby, people need to invest significant psychological resources, say the authors - so if the activity has the same kinds of demands as their work, they may be left underline(32) and unable to perform well at their job. But if their hobby is quite different from their career, it may not underline(33) in the same way but instead help them develop other knowledge and skills that can underline(34) their confidence at work. "Consider a scientist who is a keen rock climber," says Kelly. "Since climbing is so far underline(35) from their day-to-day work activities, they can still recover from the demands of their job with plenty of resources."fbox{A) boost B) case C) casually D) efficiencyE) estate F) exhausted G) faculty H) interfereI) normal J) prevalent K) relative L) removedM) scratch N) shaped O) surprisingly}

Attitudes toward new technologies often fall along generational lines．That is，generally，younger people tend to outnumber older people on the front end of a technological shift．It is not always the case，though．When you look at attitudes toward driverless cars，there doesn't seem to be a clear generational divide．The public overall is split on whether they'd like to use a driverless car．In a study last year，of all people surveyed，48 percent said they wanted to ride in one，while 50 percent did not．The fact that attitudes toward self-driving cars appear to be so steady across generations suggests how varying the shift to driverless cars could be．Not everyone wants a driverless car now一and no one can get one yet-but among those who are open to them，every age group is similarly involved．Actually，this isn't surprising．Whereas older generations are sometimes reluctant to adopt new technologies，driverless cars promise real value to these age groups in particular．Older adults，especially those with limited moving or difficulty driving on their own，are one of the classic use-cases for driverless cars．This is especially interesting when you consider that younger people are generally more interested in travel-related technologies than older ones．When it comes to driverless cars，differences in attitude are easily noticeable based on factors not related to age．College graduates，for example，are particularly interested in driverless cars compared with those who have less education，59 percent of college graduates said they would like to use a driverless car compared with 38 percent of those with a high-school diploma or less．Where a person lives matters，too．More people who live in cities and suburbs said they wanted to try driverless cars than those who lived in rural areas．While there's reason to believe that interest in self-driving cars is going up across the board，a person's age will have little to do with how self-driving cars can become mainstream．Once driverless cars are actually available for sale，the early adopters will be the people who can afford to buy them．24．What happens when a new technology appears？ ____ A．It often leads to great inventions in other related fields．B．It contributes greatly to the advance of society as a whole．C．It further widens the gap between the old and the young．D．It usually draws different reactions from different age groups．25．What does the author say about the driverless car？ ____ A．It does not seem to create a generational divide．B．It will not necessarily reduce road accidents．C．It has given rise to unrealistic expectations．D．It may start a revolution in the car industry．26．Why does the driverless car appeal to some old people？ ____ A．It saves their money and energy．B．It helps with their moving．C．It adds to the safety of their travel．D．It makes their life more interesting．27．What is likely to affect one's attitude toward the driverless car？ ____ A．The location of their living place．B．The field of their special interest．C．The amount of training they received．D．The length of their driving experience．

So long as teachers fail to distinguish (differ) between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that “reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible”. Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to plan cleverly the most efficient(有效的) system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also a public activity: It can be seen and observed. Learning to read involves all that each individual does to understand the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny. If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the long search for knowledge? Smith has one principle rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children.” When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them properly, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is got rid of. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the chance to solve the problem of learning to read by learning. 小题1:The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that_______. A．too much time is spent in teaching about reading B．reading tasks are given with little guidance C．it is one of the most difficult surses D．students spend limited hours in reading 小题2: The teaching of reading will be successful if _______. A．teachers can make their teaching activities observable B．teachers can teach their students how to read C．teachers can improve conditions at school for the students D．teachers can enable students to develop their own way of reading 小题3:The word “scrutiny” (Paragraph 3) most probably means “_______”. A．unbelief B．control C．inquiry D．observation 小题4:The main idea of the passage is that_______. A．reading is more complicated than believable B．reading ability is something gained rather than taught C．teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possible D．teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to read

阅读理解 The first robots were invented in the 1920s. Robots have appeared in many American films. In some films, they are stronger, faster and cleverer than people. In real life, robots are mainly used in factories. They do some dangerous and difficult jobs for humans. Robots also help disabled people, for example, blind people. Today many blind people have a guide (向导) dog to help them. In the future, guide dogs might be robot dogs. One kind of robot guide dog has wheels. It moves in front of the owner. It is very clever. It knows the speed of its owner's walk. The owner wears a special belt (带子). This belt sends instructions to the owner from the dog, such as“Stop here” “Turn left”or“Turn right”. In the United States, another kind of robot helps disabled people to take care of themselves in their daily life. The robot hears the sound of its owner's voice. It follows instructions such as “Turn the page”or“Make a cup of coffee”. Robots are also used in American hospitals. They can do simple jobs. At one hospital, for example, a robot takes meals from the kitchen to patients' rooms. It never gets lost because this robot has a map of the hospital in its computer memory. Though robots can help people in many different ways, they will never take the place of humans.1. From the passage, we know robots cannot be .A. dangerous animalsB. factory workersC. guide dogsD. hospital helpers2. A robot guide dog .A. goes in front of blind peopleB. walks side by side with blind peopleC. has a map in its headD. helps patients with their meals3. The underlined word“disabled”means .A. 不能的B. 有害的C. 失灵的D. 残疾的4. Some disabled people need robots' help to .A. take care of themselvesB. talk to other peopleC. become scientistsD. do dangerous jobs5. In the passage, the writer wants to tell us that .A. robots are stronger and cleverer than humansB. disabled people cannot look after themselves without the robotsC. robots will take the place of humans some day in the futureD. robots can help humans in many different ways

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【小题1】A．Theft.B．Air crash.C．Cheating.D．Road accidents.【小题2】A．Learn the local customs.B．Have the right documents.C．Book tickets well in advance.D．Make hotel reservations.【小题3】A．Contact your agent.B．Use official transport.C．Get a lift if possible.D．Have a friend meet you.

This book will show you ________ can be used in other contexts．（ ）A. how you have observedB. how what you have observedC. that you have observedD. how that you have observed