Passage Two Don’t automatically blame mom: A crying baby can be just as much the result of dad’s state of mind, Dutch researchers report. Other studies have found that depression among mothers can be related to excessive crying, a common problem with newborns, but the researchers said that little was known about whether fathers’ emotions and behavior also have an effect. "Up to now, almost all attention went to the (出生以前的)effects of motherly depression on child development, leading to the development of detection and treatment programs that focused on mental well-being of mothers." said lead researcher Dr. Mike Berg, a (精神病医生)at the Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam. "This study showed the importance of taking paternal factors and well-being during pregnancy into account, next to motherly factors," she said. Bergs team gathered data on symptoms of depression among parents of 4,426 infants who were two months old. Overall, just 2.5% of the infants in the study fit the excessive crying criteria. But, the researchers found a 30% higher risk for depression among parents whose infant cried excessively. "This finding could not be attributed to co-existing depressive symptoms of the mother, which is already known to be a risk factor for excessive infant crying" Berg said. It could be related to genetics, a depressed father or, indirectly, through factors such as marital, family or economic stress, she said. In fact, a dad with symptoms of depression was twice as likely to have an infant who cried excessively as was a dad not depressed, the study found. "Fathers do matter, so care for the mental well-being of fathers during pregnancy" Berg said. Dr. Jon Shaw, a professor and director of child and adolescent psychiatry at the University of Miami, said that the study shows how depression can lead to infant’s excessive crying. "This seems to be related perhaps to the enduring effects of fathers’ depression on the family atmosphere, the parental relationship, child (抚养)and, perhaps as the authors suggest, there may be a genetic factor involved" he said.According to the passage, which of the following statements is true A. Babies whose parents are not in depression will not cry.B. Genetic factors might affect the mental health of infants.C. Most newborns, especially 2-month-olds, will cry excessively.D. A happy daddy will reduce the risk of their kids’ getting mental illness.

A UK supermarket has become the first in the world to let shoppers pay for groceries using just the veins in their fingertips. Customers at the Costcutter store, at Brunei University in London, can now pay using their unique vein pattern to identify themselves. The firm behind the technology, Sthaler, has said it is in "serious talks" with other major UK supermarkets to adopt hi-tech finger vein scanners at pay points across thousands of stores. It works by using infrared (红外线) to scan people’s finger veins and then links this unique biometric (生物特征识别的) map to their bank cards. Customers’ bank details are then stored with payment provider Worldpay, in the same way you can store your card details when shopping online. Shoppers can then turn up to the supermarket with nothing on them but their own hands and use it to make payments in just three seconds. It comes as previous studies have found fingerprint recognition, used widely on mobile phones, is vulnerable to being hacked and can be copied even from finger smears left on phone screens. But Sthaler claims vein technology is the most secure biometric identification method as it cannot be copied or stolen. Sthaler said dozens of students were already using the system and it expected 3,000 students out of 13,000 to have signed up by November. Vein scanners are also used as a way of accessing high-security UK police buildings and authorising internal trading at least one major British investment bank. The firm is also in discussions with nightclubs, gyms about using the technology to verify membership and even Premier League football clubs to check people have the right access to VIP hospitality areas. The technology uses an infrared light to create a detailed map of the vein pattern in your finger. It requires the person to be alive, meaning in the unlikely event a criminal hacks off someone’s finger, it would not work. Sthaler said it takes just one minute to sign up to the system initially and, after that, it takes just seconds to place your finger in a scanner each time you reach the supermarket checkout. Simon Binns, commercial director of Sthaler, told the Daily Telegraph: "This makes payments so much easier for customers. They don’t need to carry cash or cards. They don’t need to remember a pin number. You just bring yourself. This is the safest form of biometrics. There are no known incidences where this security has been breached. When you put your finger in the scanner it checks you are alive, it checks for a pulse, and it checks for haemoglobin (血红蛋白). Your vein pattern is secure because it is kept on a database in an encrypted form, as binary numbers. No card details are stored with the retailer or ourselves, it is held with Worldpay, in the same way it is when you buy online. "1、It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that______.A.the Costcutter store offers finger vein payment in the world firstB.there are no two identical fingerprints in the worldC.Sthaler has spread its finger vein recognition technology to the overseas marketD.customers have their finger veins scanned at the checkout in British supermarkets2、Making payments with the finger vein scanners in physical stores and submitting payments online______.E.show the difference in how to link to shoppers’ bank cardsF.choose the same storage location for users’ bank detailsG.yield the same better-than-expected resultsH.differ in the degree of difficulty in the payment process3、Fingerprint identification technology is______.I.widely applied in communicationJ.most exposed to cyber attacksK.likely to be duplicated from finger marksL.the safest biometric recognition way4、The finger vein scanners are already used to authenticate users to get into______.M.universitiesN.police stationsO.investment banksP.VIP sections5、As to the technology developed by his company, Simon Binns pointed out that______.Q.there was no use paying with someone else’s fingerR.customers didn’t have to waste energy memorizing ID numbersS.no severe safety accidents arose in its systemT.neither Sthaler nor the sellers preserved customers’ card details

几乎同样出名的是北京火锅。北京火锅使用羊肉-|||-和许多与四川火锅相同的配料,但味道较清淡。-|||-在中国,人们喜欢开玩笑说,没有火锅解决不了-|||-的问题。火锅里的火可以融化任何冰冷的分歧,-|||-温暖人心。吃火锅时,人们不仅可以交谈,分享-|||-食物,还可以分享友谊。虽然食物可能很快就会-|||-被遗忘,但友谊永远相随。-|||-Hot pot has always been one of China's most-|||-popular foods.F erhaps the most popular kind of-|||-hot pot is the Sichuan hot pot, with its-|||-spicy red peppers.-|||-What makes Sichuan hot pot different from-|||-others is the use of huajiao.Nearly as famous-|||-as the Sichuan hot pot is the Beijing hot pot-|||-The Beijing hot pot uses lamb and many of-|||-the same __ 输入答案 as-|||-the Sichuan hot pot, but has a lighter-|||-__ 输入答案 __ .In China,-|||-people like to joke that there is no problem-|||-that a hot pot can't solve. The fire from a hot-|||-pot can 输入答案 just-|||-about any icy disagreement and warm just-|||-about any heart. Over a hot pot people can-|||-talk and share not just food,but friendship-|||-While the food may soon be forgotten,the

In large cities, for instance, London, and crowded places such as airports and stations, there is the risk of theft. We don’t want you to suffer the distress of losing important documents and valuables as soon as you step on Britain soil, so there are some important do’s and don’ts. Don’t carry more cash than you need for daily expenses. If you stay at a hotel, do ask the manager to keep large sums of cash, documents and valuables in the hotel safe and give you a receipt for them. This is a free service. If cash is stolen, it is very unlikely to be recovered. Do keep separately a note of the serial numbers on your traveler’s checks, so if they are lost you can inform your bank. Do take particular care of bank and credit cards. If you don’t want to carry heavy luggage around with you, you can leave it in a luggage office at most large stations and pick it up later. Keep the receipt so that you can reclaim your luggage. Check the opening hours or you may find your luggage locked away when you need it gain. If you lose any of your luggage in transit, take this up immediately with the officials of the airline or shipping line, but don’t worry too much: 98 % is found within three days. If you lose anything, go first to the Lost Property Office at the airport or station, as it may have been found and handed in. If you lose your luggage in the street, or suspect it has been stolen rather than gone away, find the nearest policeman who will advise you what to do. 1. What’s the purpose of the speaker’s remarks? 2. What does the speaker say about the do’s when staying in the hotel? 3. What should a traveler do if he loses something at the station? 1 A To warn travelers to take care of their belongings. B To tell travelers how to find their lost luggage. C To provide information about hotels and stations in London. D To advise travelers about how to look after their belongings. 2 A Let the hotel take care of valuable things. B Take cash, credit cards along with you wherever you go. C If something is lost in the hotel, report it to the police. D Tell the serial numbers on the traveler’s checks to the hotel manager. 3 A Go to the luggage office. B Go to the nearest police station. C Report it to the officials of the station. D Go to the Lost Property Office at the station.

Inequality Is Not Inevitable[A] A dangerous trend has developed over this past third of a century. A country that experienced shared growth after World War II began to tear apart, so much so that when the Great Recession hit in late 2007, one could no longer ignore the division that had come to define the American economic landscape. How did this "shining city on a hill" become the advanced country with the greatest level of inequality? [B] Over the past year and a half, The Great Divide, a series in The New York Times, has presented a wide range of examples that undermine the notion that there are any truly fundamental laws of capitalism. The dynamics of the imperial capitalism of the 19th century needn't apply in the democracies of the 21st. We don't need to have this much inequality in America.[C] Our current brand of capitalism is a fake capitalism. For proof of this go back to our response to the Great Recession, where we socialized losses, even as we privatized gains. Perfect competition should drive profits to zero, at least theoretically, but we have monopolies making persistently high profits. C.E.O.s enjoy incomes that are on average 295 times that of the typical worker, a much higher ratio than in the past, without any evidence of a proportionate increase in productivity.[D] If it is not the cruel laws of economics that have led to America's great divide, what is it? The straightforward answer: our policies and our politics. People get tired of hearing about Scandinavian success stories, but the fact of the matter is that Sweden, Finland and Norway have all succeeded in having about as much or faster growth in per capita (人均的) incomes than the United States and with far greater equality.[E] So why has America chosen these inequality-enhancing policies? Part of the answer is that as World War Ⅱ faded into memory, so too did the solidarity it had created. As America triumphed in the Cold War, there didn't seem to be a real competitor to our economic model. Without this international competition, we no longer had to show that our system could deliver for most of our citizens.[F] Ideology and interests combined viciously. Some drew the wrong lesson from the collapse of the Soviet system in 1991. The pendulum swung from much too much government there to much too little here. Corporate interests argued for getting rid of regulations, even when those regulations had done so much to protect and improve our environment, our safety, our health and the economy itself.[G] But this ideology was hypocritical (虚伪的). The bankers, among the strongest advocates of laissez-faire (自由放任的) economics, were only too willing to accept hundreds of billions of dollars from the government in the aid programs that have been a recurring feature of the global economy since the beginning of the Thatcher-Reagan era of "free" markets and deregulation.[H] The American political system is overrun by money. Economic inequality translates into political inequality, and political inequality yields increasing economic inequality. So corporate welfare increases as we reduce welfare for the poor. Congress maintains subsidies for rich farmers as we cut back on nutritional support for the needy. Drug companies have been given hundreds of billions of dollars as we limit Medicaid benefits. The banks that brought on the global financial crisis got billions while a tiny bit went to the homeowners and victims of the same banks' predatory (掠夺性的) lending practices. This last decision was particularly foolish. There were alternatives to throwing money at the banks and hoping it would circulate through increased lending.[I] Our divisions are deep. Economic and geographic segregation has immunized those at the top from the problems of those down below. Like the kings of ancient times, they have come to perceive their privileged positions essentially as a natural right.[J] Our economy, our democracy and our society have paid for these gross inequalities. The true test of an economy is not how much wealth its princes can accumulate in tax havens (庇护所), but how well off the typical citizen is. But average incomes are lower than they were a quarter-century ago. Growth has gone to the very, very top, whose share has almost increased four times since 1980. Money that was meant to have trickled (流淌) down has instead evaporated in the agreeable climate of Cayman Islands.[K] With almost a quarter of American children younger than 5 living in poverty, and with America doing so little for its poor, the deprivations of one generation are being visited upon the next. Of course, no country has ever come close to providing complete equality of opportunity. But why is America one of the advanced countries where the life prospects of the young are most sharply determined by the income and education of their parents? [L] Among the most bitter stories in The Great Divide were those that portrayed the frustrations of the young, who long to enter our shrinking middle class. Soaring tuitions and declining incomes have resulted in larger debt burdens. Those with only a high school diploma have seen their incomes decline by 13 percent over the past 35 years.[M] Where justice is concerned, there is also a huge divide. In the eyes of the rest of the world and a significant part of its own population, mass imprisonment has come to define America—a country, it bears repeating, with about 5 percent of the world's population but around a fourth of the world's prisoners.[N] Justice has become a commodity, affordable to only a few. While Wall Street executives used their expensive lawyers to ensure that their ranks were not held accountable for the misdeeds that the crisis in 2008 so graphically revealed, the banks abused our legal system to foreclose (取消赎回权) on mortgages and eject tenants, some of whom did not even owe money.[O] More than a half-century ago, America led the way in advocating for the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the United Nations in 1948. Today, access to health care is among the most universally accepted rights, at least in the advanced countries. America, despite the implementation of the Affordable Care Act, is the exception. In the relief that many felt when the Supreme Court did not overturn the Affordable Care Act, the implications of the decision for Medicaid were not fully appreciated. Obamacare's objective—to ensure that all Americans have access to health care—has been blocked: 24 states have not implemented the expanded Medicaid program, which was the means by which Obamacare was supposed to deliver on its promise to some of the poorest.[P] We need not just a new war on poverty but a war to protect the middle class. Solutions to these problems do not have to be novel. Far from it. Making markets act like markets would be a good place to start. We must end the rent-seeking society we have gravitated toward, in which the wealthy obtain profits by manipulating the system.[Q] The problem of inequality is not so much a matter of technical economics. It's really a problem of practical politics. Inequality is not just about the top marginal tax rate but also about our children's access to food and the right to justice for all. If we spent more on education, health and infrastructure (基础设施), we would strengthen our economy, now and in the future.In theory, free competition is supposed to reduce the margin of profits to the minimum. The United States is now characterized by a great division between the rich and the poor. America lacked the incentive to care for the majority of its citizens as it found no rival for its economic model. The wealthy top have come to take privileges for granted. Many examples show the basic laws of imperial capitalism no longer apply in present-day America. The author suggests a return to the true spirit of the market. A quarter of the world's prisoner population is in America. Government regulation in America went from one extreme to the other in the past two decades. Justice has become so expensive that only a small number of people like corporate executives can afford it. No country in the world so far has been able to provide completely equal opportunities for all.

73.(10.0分)把下列英文翻译成汉语： "Mrs. Gardner was so excited that she finally fulfilled her husband's last wish. And she said that she would cherish this bond of friendship between her husband and the people of China because after seeing for herself the beautiful Guling and the warmth of the Chinese people, she now understood why her husband had been so deeply attached to- China.I am sure there are many such touching stories between our two peoples. We should further strengthen our people-to-people exchanges and build even stronger public support for mutually beneficial China-US cooperation." 请输入答案

共用选项题（共3题，15.0分） 1.（5.0分）（1）-（5）题共用备选答案： A.circumstances B.attached C.nurture D.spat E.spoiled (3) After spending the weekend taking care of my mother's cat, I grew very _ to it. A B C D E

Modern life, with its emphasis on information, automation, computerization, and globalization, has made work easier and given us more leisure options, but we now have a whole host of new health problems. Only time will tell if these modern health problems disappear like 8-track tapes and rotary phones. Until then, here are some of the new maladies we have in store for us.If you spend all day staring at a computer screen, you may be at risk for computer vision syndrome (CVS), also called occupational asthenopia(弱视的). CVS encompasses all eye or vision-related problems suffered by people who spend a lot of time on computers. According to the American Optometric Association, symptoms of CVS include headaches; dry, red, or burning eyes; blurred or double vision; trouble focusing; difficulty distinguishing colors; sensitivity to light; end even pain in the neck or back. As many as 75 percent of computer users have symptoms of CVS due to glare, poor lighting, and improper workstation setup. To overcome CVS, keep your monitor about two feet away from you and six inches. below eye level, and be sure it’s directly in front of yon to minimize eye movement. Adjust lighting to, remove any glare or reflections. You can also adjust the brightness on your monitor to ease eyestrain. Even simple steps can help, like looking away from your monitor every 20 or 30 minutes and focusing on something farther away. And you can always use eyedrops to perk up your peepers! Earbuds are the headphones used with many digital music players. They fit inside the ear but don’t cancel out background noise, requiring users to turn up the volume, often to 110 to 120 decibels--loud enough to cause hearing loss after only an hour end 15 minutes. And today, people spend much more time listening to their portable players, exposing themselves to damaging noise for longer periods of time. As a result, young people are developing the type of heating loss normally seen in much older adults. Experts recommend turning down the volume and limiting die amount of time spent listening to music players to about an hour a day. Headphones that fit outside the ear canal also help, as can noise-canceling headphones that reduce background noise so listeners don’t have to crank up the volume. This condition is related to deep vein thrombosis(血栓症), where blood clots form in deep veins, such as those in the legs. These clots can be fatal if they migrate to the lungs and cause a pulmonary embolism. Clots can form when blood supply slows or stops, such as in a period of prolonged immobility. Similarly, e-thrombosis is the development of clots in the deep veins of someone who spends long amounts of time in front of a computer without moving. Although only a handful of e-thrombosis cases have been reported, millions of people who spend most of their time in front of a computer are at risk. Avoiding e-thrombosis is simple: stand up and move around every hour, tap your toes while you work, put equipment end supplies in different parts of your work area so you have to move to get them, don’t cross your legs while sitting at your desk, don’t spend your lunch break at your desk (go for a quick walk instead), and don’t get too comfortable --if your workspace is ultra-cozy, you won’t want to get up. We all have worries, uncertainties, and fears, but generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is excessive or unrealistic unease or concern about life’s problems. Although the disorder often manifests without any specific cause, large issues of modern life (such as terrorism, the economy, and crime) can bring it about, as can individual circumstances like dealing with an illness. GAD affects about 6.8 million people in the United States, and symptoms include restlessness, fatigue, irritability, impatience, difficulty concentrating, headaches, upset stomach, and shortness of breath. Anxiety disorders like GAD are treated with antianxiety drugs, antidepressants, psychotherapy, or a combination of these. It seems like every day there’s a new report about something you shouldn’t eat. The constant bombardment of information about food end health can confuse anyone, but for people who have the eating disorder orthorexia nervusa, it can be downright dangerous. People with this condition are, obsessed with eating healthful food and have constructed strict diets that they follow religiously. Although many people who have orthorexia nervosa become underweight, thinness is not their goal--nutritional purity is. Among the signs of orth0rexia nervosa are spending more than three hours a day thinking about healthful food; planning meals days in advance; feeling virtuous from following a strict healthful diet, but not enjoying eating; feeling socially isolated (such strict diets make it bard to eat anywhere but at home); and feeling highly, critical of those who do not follow a similar diet. Although the psychiatric community does not officially recognize orthorexia nervosa as a disorder, those with the condition benefit from psychological treatment and sessions with eating-disorder specialists. Rising energy costs aren’t just harmful to your wallet; if you work in an office building, they could be making you physically ill. Businesses have found that by packing buildings with insulation then adding caulking and weather stripping,. they can seal buildings tight, keep indoor temperatures constant, and cut energy costs in the process. Such measures require the healing, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to work harder to recycle air. After all, when the building is sealed, you can’t open a window to let fresh air circulate. The result is sick building syndrome, which the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classifies as a situation where building occupants experience discomforting health effects even though no specific cause can be found. Symptoms include headache; eye, nose, or throat irritation; dry cough; dry or itchy skin; dizziness; nausea; fatigue; and sensitivity to odors. The EPA estimates that 30 percent of all U.S. office buildings could be "sick," so they recommend routine maintenance of HVAC systems, including cleaning or replacing filters; replacing water-stained ceiling tiles and carpeting; restricting smoking in and around buildings; and ventilating areas where paints, adhesives, or solvents are used. Despite all the ways to interact with others in our technologically savvy world, those with social anxiety disorder feel boxed in by the shrinking globe. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), people with social anxiety disorder have an "intense, persistent, and chronic fear of being watched and judged by others and of doing things that will embarrass them," and that fear can be so intense that it interferes with work, school, and other ordinary activities end can make it hard to make and keep friends. But the condition has physical manifestations, too, including trembling, upset stomach, heart palpitations, confusion, and diarrhea. The cause hasn’t been nailed down, but social anxiety disorder is probably due to a combination of environmental and hereditary factors. About 15 million people in the United States are affected by social anxiety disorder, winch .usually begins during childhood. Like other anxiety disorders, treatment often involves medication and psychotherapy.How to avoid e-thrombosis according to the passage A．By crossing your legs while sitting.B．By keeping a comfortable posture.C．By keeping supplies convenient for getting.D．By moving around every hour.

During the early days of spaceflight NASA came up with an ides to create food from the carbon-|||-dioxide breathed out by astroouuts,essentially allowing crews to eat the air inside their vessel during-|||-long voyages.While the concept never quite became a reality,a California based firm is now using-|||-the same 26 to produce animal free meat,which it hopes will soon feed people here on Earth.-|||-As the global population contimues to increase, keeping everyon 27 is becoming more and-|||-more of a chalkenge.In particular prodacing enough meat to feed a spiraling number of caraicorous-|||-(食肉的)mouths is placing a huge strain on resources,while also having a 28 effect on the-|||-environment,-|||-To solve this problem,Air Protein has developed a process that uses microbes(微生物)to-|||- 29 carbon dioxide in the air into a protein substance that has the same amino acid (氨基酸)-|||-profile as an animal protcin. These microbes are 30 inside fermentation(发酵)tanks,where-|||-they are fod on a combination of carbon dioxide,water, and other nutrients. Using this mix,they-|||-produce a brown "flour" that is 80 percent protcin and described as having a "neutral" taste.While-|||-it is not entirely 31 to call this substance"meat",Air Protein says that it can be blended with-|||-other 32 to creale meat substitutes.-|||-According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, animal agriculture is-|||- 33 for more greenhouse gas emissions than the entire global transport sector.Partly for this-|||-reason,a number of plant-based meat 34 have been developed in recent years.However,many-|||-of these products rely on soy or other plants,which often contribute to deforestation as land is-|||- 35 for their cultivation.Air Protein,on the other hand,can be produced using a tiny amount of-|||-land.-|||-A) accurate I) inject-|||-B) alternatives J) nourished-|||-C) cleared K) principle-|||-D) convert L) recipe-|||-E) cultivated M) responsible-|||-F) detrimental N) specimens

填空题（共10题，20.0分）题型说明：本大题共10小题；每小题2分，共20分。根据每小题给出的单词，用其适当形式填空。10. (2.0分) A water power station ___(build) in the area several years ago.