In this factory the machines are not regulated -------- but are jointly controlled by a central computer system which works very efficiently.A. independentlyB. individuallyC. irrespectivelyD. irregularly

A) They themselves would like to do it but don't dare to.B) It's an opportunity for relieving their tension.C) It's a rare chance for them to see the boss lose face.D) They have seen this many times in old films.22. A) To irritate them.B) To teach them a lesson.C) To relieve her feelings.D) To show her courage.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) Smuggling drugs into Hong Kong.B) Having committed armed robbery.C) Stealing a fellow passenger's bag.D) Bringing a handgun into Hong Kong.24. A) He said not a single word during the entire flight.B) He took away Kumar's baggage while he was asleep.C) He was travelling on a scholarship from Delhi University.D) He is suspected of having slipped something in Kumar's bag.25. A) Give him a lift.B) Find Alfred Foster.C) Check the passenger list.D) Search all suspicious cars..Section BDirections：In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some question. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only onece. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the conversation you have just heard.26. A) They think travelhas become a trend.B) Thet think travel gives them their money's worth.C) They find many of the banks untrustworthy.D) They lack the expertise to make capital investments.27. A) Lower their prices to attract more customers.B) Introduce travel packages for young travelers.C) Design programs targeted at retired couples.D) Launch a new program of adventure trips.28. A) The role of travel agents.B) The way people travel.C) The number of last-minute bookings.D) The prices of polar expeditions.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A) The old stereotypes about men and women.B) The changing roles played by men and women.C) The division of labor between men and women.D) The widespread prejudice against women.30. A) Offer more creative and practical ideas than men.B) Ask questions that often lead to controversy.C) Speak loudly enough to attract attention.D) Raise issues on behalf of women.31. A) To prove that she could earn her living as a gardener.B) To show that women are more hardworking than men.C) To show that women are capable of doing what men do.D) To prove that she was really irritated with her husband.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. A) Covering major events of the day in the city.B) Reporting criminal offenses in Greenville.C) Hunting news for the daily headlines.D) Writing articles on family voilence.33. A) It is a much safer place than it used to be.B) Rapes rarely occur in the downtown areas.C) Assaults often happen on school campuses.D) It has fewer violent crimes than big cities.34. A) There are a wide range of cases.B) They are very destructive.C) There has been a rise in such crimes.D) They have aroused fear among the residents.35. A) Write about something pleasant.B) Do some research on local politics.C) Offer help to crime victims.D) Work as a newspaper editor.Section CDirections：In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carfully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are requied to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally ,when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。In America, people are faced with more and more decisions every day, whether it's picking one of 31 ice cream (36) ______ or deciding whether and when to get married. That sounds like a great thing, but as a recent study has shown, too many choices can make us (37) ______ , unhappy-even paralyzed with indecision.That's (38) ______ true when it comes to the work place, says Barry Schwartz, an author of six books about human (39) ______ . Students are graduating with a (40) ______ skills and interests, but often find themselves (41) ______ when it comes to choosing an ultimate career goal.In a study, Schwartz observed decision-making among college students during their (42) ______ year. Based on answers to questions regarding their job hunting (43) ______ and career decisions, he divided the students into two groups: "maximizers" who consider every possible option, and "satisficers" who look until they find an option that is good enough.You might expect that the student (44) ______________________________ But it turns out that's not true. Schwartz found that while maximizers ended up with better-paying jobs than satisficers on average, they weren't as happy with their decision.The reason (45) ______________________________ When you look at every possible option, you tend to focus more on what was given up than what was gained. After surveying every option, (46) ____________________________________.【参考答案】36.flavors37.confused38.particularly39.behavior40.variety41.overwhelmed42.senior43.strategies44.who had undertaken the most exhausted search would be the most satisfied with their final decision45.why these people feel less satisfied is that a world of possibilities may also be a world of missed opportunities46.a person is more acutely aware of the opportunities they had to turn down to pursue just one careerPart IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.How good are you at saying "no"? For many, it's surprisingly difficult. This is especially true of editors, who by nature tend to be eager and engaged participants in everything they do. Consider these scenarios:It's late in the day. That front page package you've been working on is nearly complete;one last edit and it's finished. Enter the executive editor, who makes a suggestion requiring a more-than-modest rearrangement of the design and the addition of an information box. You want to scream: "No! It's done!" What do you do?The first rule of saying no to the boss is don't say no. She probably has something in mind when she makes suggestions, and it's up to you to find out what. The second rule is don't raise the stakes by challenging her authority. That issue is already decided. The third rule is to be ready to cite options. The boss's suggestions might be appropriate, but there are always consequenses. She might not know about the pages backing up that need attention, or about the designer who had to go home sick. Tell her she can have what she wants, but explain the consequences. Understand what she's trying to accomplish and propose a Plan B that will make it happen without destroying what you've done so far.Here is another case. Your least-favorite reporter suggests a dumb story idea. This one should be easy, but it's not. If you say no, even politely, you risk inhibiting further ideas, not just from that reporter,but from others who heard that you turned down the idea. This scenario is common in newsrooms that lack a systematic way to filter story suggestions.Two steps are necessary. First, you need a system for howand reviewed. Reporters can tolerate rejection of their ideas if they believe they were given a fair hearing. Your gut reaction (本能反应) and dismissive rejection, even of a worthless idea, might not qualify as systematic or fair.Second, the people you work with need to negotiate a "What if…?" agreement covering "What if my idea is turned town?" How are people expected to react? Is there an appeal process？Can they refine the idea and resubmit it? By anticipating "What if…?" situations before they happen, you can reach understanding that will help ease you out of confrontations.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。47. Instead of directly saying to your boss, you should find out __________.48. The author's second warning is that we should avoid running a greater risk by __________.49. One way of responding to your boss's suggestion is to explain the _________ to her and offer an alternative solution.50. To ensure fairness to reporters, it isup a system for stories to ___________.51. People who learn to anticipate "What if…?" situations will be able toreach understanding and avoid _____________.【参考答案】47 what is in her mind;48 challenging her authority;49 consequences;50 be proposed and reviewed;51 confontationsSection BDirections:________.Passage OneQuestions 51 to 56 are based on the following passage.At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: are immigrants good or bad for the economy? The American public overwhelmingly thinks they're bad. Yet the consensus among most economists is that immigration, both legal and illegal, provides a small net boost. Immigrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices of everything from farm produce to new homes, and leave consumers with a little more money in their pockets. So why is there such a discrepancy between the perception of immigrants' impact on the economy and the reality?There are a number of familiar theories. Some argue that people are anxious and feel threatened by an inflow of new workers. Others highlight the train that undocumented immigrants place on public services, like schools, hospitals, and jails. Still others emphasize the role of race, arguing that foreigners add to the nation's fears and insecurities. There's some truth to all these explanations, but they aren't quite sufficient.To get a better understanding of what's going on, consider the way immigration's impact is felt. Though its overall effect may be positive, its costs and benefits are distributed unevenly. David Card, an economist at UC Berkeley, notes that the ones who profit most directly from immigrants' low-cost labor are businesses and employers—meatpacking plants in Nebraska, for instance, or agricultural businesses in California. Granted, these producers' savings probably translate into lower prices at the grocery store but how many consumers make that mental connection at the checkout counter? As for the drawbacks of illegal immigration, these, too, are concentrated. Native low-skilled workers suffer most from the competition of foreign labor. According to a study by George Borjas, a Harvard economist, immigration reduced the wages of American high school dropouts by 9% between 1980-2000.

Rene Descartes’ explanation of pain has long been acknowledged in medicine. He proposed that pain is a purely physical phenomenon — that tissue injury makes specific nerves send a signal to the brain, causing the mind to notice pain. The phenomenon, he said, is like pulling on a rope to ring a bell in the brain. It is hard to overstate how deeply fixed this account has become. In medicine, doctors see pain in Descartes’ terms as a physical process, a sign of tissue injury. The limitations of this explanation, however, have been apparent for some time, since people with obvious injuries sometimes report feeling no pain at all. Later, researchers proposed that Descartes’ model be replaced with what they called the gate control theory of pain. They argued that before pain signals reach the brain, they must first go through a gating mechanism in the spinal cord 脊髓. In some cases, this imaginary gate could simply stop pain signals from getting to the brain. Their most amazing suggestion was that what controlled the gate were not just signals from sensory nerves but also emotions and other “output” from the brain. They were saying that pulling on the rope may not necessarily make the bell ring. The bell itself the mind could stop it. This theory led to a great deal of research into how such factors as mood, gender, and beliefs influence the experience of pain. In a British study, for example, researchers measured pain threshold and tolerance levels in 53 ballet dancers and 53 university students by using a common measurement: after putting your hand in body-temperature water for two minutes to establish a baseline condition, you put your hand in a bowl of ice water and start a clock running. You mark the time when it begins to hurt: that is your pain threshold. Then you mark the time when it hurts too much to keep your hand in the water: that is your pain tolerance. The test is always stopped at 120 seconds, to prevent injury. The results were striking. On average female students reported pain at 16 seconds and pulled their hands out of the ice water at 37 seconds. Female dancers were almost three times as long on both counts. Men in both groups had a higher threshold and tolerance for pain, but the difference between male dancers and male non-dancers was nearly as large. What explains that difference? Probably it has something to do with the psychology of ballet dancers --- a group known for self-discipline, physical fitness, and competitiveness, as well as by a high rate of chronic 慢性 injury. Their driven personalities and competitive culture evidently accustom them to pain. Other studies along these lines have shown that outgoing people have greater pain tolerance and that, with training, one can reduce one’s sensitivity to pain. There is also striking evidence that very simple kinds of mental suggestion can have powerful effects on pain. In one study of 500 patients undergoing dental procedures, those who were given a placebo injection 安慰剂 and promised that it would relieve their pain had the least discomfort --- not only less than the patients who got a placebo and were told nothing but also less than the patients who got actual drug without any promise that it would work. Today it is abundantly evident that the brain is actively involved in the experience of pain and is no more bells on a string. Today every medical textbook teaches the gate control theory as fact. There’s a problem with it, though. It explains people who have injuries but feel no pain, but it doesn’t explain the reverse, which is far more common --- the millions of people who experience chronic pain, such as back pain, with no signs of injury whatsoever. So where does the pain come from? The rope and clapper are gone, but the bell is still ringing.71. The primary purpose of the passage is to ________. A. describe a modern theory about pain B. support a traditional view on pain with new data C. promote a particular attitude towards pain D. suggest a creative treatment for pain72. Which statement best describes Descartes theory of pain presented in paragraph 1? A. The brain can shut pain off at will. B. The brain plays no part in the body’s experience of pain. C. Pain can be caused in many different ways. D. Pain is an automatic response to bodily injury.73. The author implies that the reason why the gate control was “amazing” was that it _______. A. offered an extremely new and original explanation B. was just opposite to people’s everyday experiences C. was grounded in a ridiculous logic D. was so sensible that it should have been proposed centuries before74. The author refers to “chronic back pain” as an example of something that is _______. A. costly, because it troubles millions of people B. puzzling, because it sometimes has no obvious cause C. disappointing, because it does not improve with treatment D. worrying, because it lies beyond the reach of medicine75. From the passage we know that ________. A. all the theories about pain are not correct B. some data from the researches on pain is wrong C. there has been no perfect theory about pain so far D. one’s mood can’t affect the pain one feels

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.-|||-For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the-|||-corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.-|||-Passage One-|||-The unique human habit of taking in and employing animals-even competitors like wolves-spurred on human tool--|||-making and language,which have both driven humanity's success Pat Shipman says ,paleoanthropologist of Penn State-|||-University."Wherever you go in the world,whatever ecosystem(生态系统),whatever culture,people live with animals,"-|||-Shipman said.-|||-For early humans,taking in and caring for animals would seem like a poor strategy for survival."On the face of it,you-|||-are wasting your resources.So this is a very weird behavior,"Shipman said.But it's not so weird in the context something-|||-else humans were doing about 2.6 million years ago:switching from a mostly vegetarian diet to one rich in meat.This-|||-happened because humans invented stone hunting tools that enabled them to compete with other top predators.Quite a-|||-rapid and bizarre switch for any animal.So we invented the equipment,learned how to track and kill,and eventually took in-|||-animals who also knew how to hunt-like wolves and other canines.Others,like goats,cows and horses,provided milk, hair-|||-and,finally,hides and meat.-|||-Managing all of these animals-or just tracking them-requires technology, know and ways to preserve and convey-|||-information.So languages had to develop and evolve to meet the challenges.Tracking game has even been argued to be the-|||-origin of scientific inquiry,said Peter Richerson,professor emeri名誉退休的)in the Department of Environmental-|||-Science and Policy at the University of California,Davis.One of the signs that this happened is in petroglyphs(史前岩画)-|||-and other rock art left by ancient peoples.At first they were abstract, geometric patte that are impossible to decipher(破译).-|||-Then they converge on one subject:animals.-|||-There have also been genetic changes in both humans and our animals.For the animals those changes developed because-|||-human bred them for specific traits,like a cow that gives more milk or a hen that lays more eggs.But this evolutionary-|||-influence works both ways.Dogs,for instance,might have been selectively taken in by humans who shared genes for more-|||-compassion.Those humans then prospered with the dogs'help in hunting and securing their homes.-|||-46.What do we learn from the first paragraph about animals?-|||-A)Animals have driven humanity's success-|||-B)Making tools and using language are uniquely human habits.-|||-C)Employing wolves is uniquely human habit.-|||-D)People live with animals everywhere.-|||-47.Why did Shipman say taking in animal is a poor strategy for survival?-|||-A)Early humans were poor in survival resources.-|||-B)Taking in animal was a very weird behavior.-|||-C)Early humans didn't know how to track and kill.-|||-D)Early humans switched from a vegetarian diet to meat.-|||-48.Why did languages have to develop and evolve to meet the challenges?-|||-A)Early humans should have communication in tracking game.-|||-B)Language can enable humans to compete with other top predators.-|||-C)Animals should understand the orders given by humans.-|||-D)Language could cause a rapid and bizarre switch for any animal.-|||-49.What do we learn from the statement of Pat Shipman and Peter Richerson?-|||-A)Caring for animals seemed common after people invented tools.-|||-B)After language developed early humans learned how to track and kill.-|||-C)Managing and tracking animals are the origin of modern science.-|||-D)Language developed from abstract to specific because of animals.-|||-50.What do we learn from the last paragraph?-|||-A)Animals'changes are developed by themselves.-|||-B)Human raise animals for specific genes.-|||-C)Evolutionary influence works on both humans and animals.-|||-D)Genes could make the dogs help people in hunting.

Many people believe that boys and girls should be educated in separate classes because their brains are to learn in different ways. For the past decade parents and teachers have become worried increasingly about boys, who are now routinely outperformed by girls at every level and who show growing levels of self-dissatisfaction and lack of motivation. Dr. Sax, founder of the National Association for Single Sex Public Education in the United States, argues that this gender gap is the result of innately different learning styles of boys and girls, and that most classrooms play to the strength of girls. Boys, for example, do not hear as well as girls. So,a female teacher with a soft voice may believe that a boy who is not paying attention is playing up, when actually he cannot hear her properly. Her reaction may be to discipline him. But Dr. Sax says that she would get better results by speaking louder and moving purposefully around the classroom. Boys'eyes also respond better to movement and direction, while girls'eyes are more affected by color and texture. Asked to draw, five-year- old girls produce flowers, pets and people. Boys will draw a car crash, but may be reproached by teachers for producing something that is“not nice” 2/5 37. What have parents and teachers become more concerned about in the past ten years? A Boys tend not drop out of school as early as girls. B Boys are unable to compete with girls in school. C Boys tend not to be so self-disciplined as girls. D Boys and girls are educated in different classes.

Rene Descartes' explanation of pain has long been acknowledged in medicine. He proposed that pain is a purely physical phenomenon – that tissue injury makes specific nerves send a signal to the brain, causing the mind to notice pain. The phenomenon, he said, is like pulling on a rope to ring a bell in the brain. It is hard to overstate how deeply fixed this account has become. In medicine, doctors see pain in Descartes' terms— as a physical process, a sign of tissue injury.The limitations of this explanation, however, have been apparent for some time, since people with obvious injuries sometimes report feeling no pain at all. Later, researchers proposed that Descartes' model be replaced with what they called the gate control theory of pain. They argued that before pain signals reach the brain, they must first go through a gating mechanism in the spinal cord(脊髓). In some cases, this imaginary gate could simply stop pain signals from getting to the brain.Their most amazing suggestion was that what controlled the gate was not just signals from sensory nerves but also emotions and other "output" from the brain. They were saying that pulling on the rope need not make the bell ring. The bell itself—the mind— could stop it. This theory led to a great deal of research into how such factors as mood, gender, and beliefs influence the experience of pain. In a British study, for example, researchers measured pain threshold and tolerance levels in 53 ballet dancers and 53 university students by using a common measurement: after immersing your hand in body-temperature water for two minutes to establish a baseline condition, you put your hand in a bowl of ice water and start a clock running. You mark the time when it begins to hurt: that is your pain threshold. Then you mark the time when it hurts too much to keep your hand in the water: that is your pain tolerance. The test is always stopped at 120 seconds, to prevent injury.The results were striking. On average female students reported pain at 16 seconds and pulled their hands out of the ice water at 37 seconds. Female dancers were almost three times as long on both counts. Men in both groups had a higher threshold and tolerance for pain, but the difference between male dancers and male nondancers was nearly as large. What explains that difference? Probably it has something to do with the psychology of ballet dancers—a group known for self-discipline, physical fitness, and competitiveness, as well as by a high rate of chronic(慢性) injury. Their driven personalities and competitive culture evidently accustom them to pain. Other studies along these lines have shown that outgoing people have greater pain tolerance and that, with training, one can reduce one's sensitivity to pain.There is also striking evidence that very simple kinds of mental suggestion can have powerful effects on pain. In one study of 500 patients undergoing dental procedures, those who were given a placebo(安慰剂) injection and promised that it would relieve their pain had the least discomfort— not only less than the patients who got a placebo and were told nothing but also less than the patients who got actual drug without any promise that it would work.Today it is abundantly evident that the brain is actively involved in the experience of pain and is no more bell on a string. Today every medical textbook teaches the gate control theory as fact. There's a problem with it, though. It explains people who have injuries but feel no pain, but it doesn't explain the reverse, which is far more common— the millions of people who experience chronic pain, such as back pain, with no signs of injury whatsoever. So where does the pain come from? The rope and clapper are gone, but the bell is still ringing.(1).The primary purpose of the passage is to . A.describe how modern research has updated an old explanationB.support a traditional view with new dataC.promote a particular attitude towards physical experienceD.suggest a creative treatment for a medical condition(2).Which statement best describes Descartes theory of pain presented in paragraph 1? A.The brain can shut pain off at will.B.The brain plays no part in the body's experience of pain.C.Pain can be caused in many different ways.D.Pain is an automatic response to bodily injury.(3).The author implies that the reason why the gate control was "amazing" was that it . A.offered an extremely new and original explanationB.was just opposite to people's everyday experiencesC.was grounded in an ridiculous logicD.was so sensible it should have been proposed centuries before(4).The author refers to "chronic back pain" as an example of something that is . A.costly, because it troubles millions of peopleB.puzzling, because it sometimes has no obvious causeC.disappointing, because it does not improve with treatmentD.worrying, because it lies beyond the reach of medicine(5).The last sentence of the passage serves mainly to express that . A.scientific judgments are difficult to understandB.theoretical investigations are generally uselessC.researchers still have a long way to go before the puzzle is made clearD.there is always something puzzling at the heart of science

单选题A. An environment-friendly battery.B. An energy-saving mobile phone.C. A plant-powered mobile phone charger.D. A device to help plants absorb sunlight.

What does the paper say about the horrible ______ that happened this morning on Flight 870 to Tel Aviv?A. incidentB. impositionC. troopD. occurrence

Short Conversation 1Choose the correct answer.A. She doesn't like driving cars.B. She doesn't like the inconvenience of suburban life.C. She doesn't like the boring life in the suburbs.D. She doesn't like the supermarket there.

Many phishing emails (钓鱼电子邮件)try to deceive you with the threat that your account will ()if it is not updated right away.A. be dangerousB. be jeopardyC. in dangerD. be in jeopardy