Throughout history, humans have existed side-by-side with bacteria and viruses. We have developed gradually to resist them, and in response they have developed new ways of infecting us. We have had antibiotics(抗生素) for almost a century, ever since Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin. In response, bacteria have responded by developing antibiotic resistance. The battle is endless: because we spend so much time with pathogens(病原体), we sometimes develop a kind of natural situation where we can’t make progress. However, what would happen if we were suddenly exposed to deadly bacteria and viruses that have been absent for thousands of years, or that we have never met before? We may be about to find out. Climate change is melting permafrost(冻土) soils that have been frozen for thousands of years, and as the soils melt they are releasing ancient viruses and bacteria that are springing back to life. In August 2016, in a remote corner called the Yamal Peninsula in the Arctic Circle, a 12-year-old boy died and at least twenty people were hospitalised after being infected by anthrax.(炭疽病) The theory is that, over 75 years ago, a reindeer infected with anthrax died and its frozen body became trapped under a layer of frozen soil, known as permafrost. There it stayed until a heat-wave in the summer of 2016, when the permafrost melted. This exposed the reindeer body and released infectious anthrax into nearby water and soil, and then into the food supply. More than 2,000 reindeer eating grass nearby became infected, which then led to the small number of human cases. The fear is that this will not be a single case. As the Earth warms, more permafrost will melt. Under normal circumstances, superficial(表面的) permafrost layers about 50cm deep melt every summer. But now global warming is gradually exposing older permafrost layers. 1．According to the passage we can say _______A.anthrax infected a small number of humans, which led to reindeer casesB.there is a heat-wave every yearC.now global warming is exposing the same permafrost layers.D.the war between humans and bacteria has not been finished.2．When coming to the possibility of being exposed to deadly bacteria that has been absent for thousands of years, the writer thinks ______________A.the possibility is indeed highB.the possibility is lowC.people are being infected nowD.reindeer are being infected now3．If we want to avoid releasing ancient viruses and bacteria, what should we do first? We should _________A.stop developing antibioticsB.deal with global warmingC.control reindeerD.protect rivers4．After reading the passage we may find ________A.the writer is worriedB.the writer is confident.C.the writer knows how to deal with the problemD.the writer thinks highly of bacteria

第17题:It's going to be an exciting game tonight. I just can't wait till it kicks_!A. startB. matchC. onD. off

The ________ of a graveyard more than a thousand years old uncovered tombs of powerful warriors dressed in gold.A. excavationB. exceptionC. exploitationD. exposition

一、单项选择题（共50小题，共75.0分） 23、---Would you like some candies_____.I have got a sweet tooth. bigcircA.Better not bigcircB.It's up to you bigcircC.Oh,that's too bad bigcircD.That couldn't be better

一、单项选择题（共50小题，共75.0分）41、Our headteacher ___ for months to make sure that we understand the importance of concentration.bigcircA. was tryingbigcircB. has been tryingbigcircC. is trying

From ______ one, Rebecca has been trying to cause arguments in our office.A. dayB. timeC. periodD. season

Using all my 1 . _ powers , I've sought clever ways to bring my students back to their books . convinced that civ it ation would end if I did not succeed in doing so . Yet , 2. _ my varied approaches , every year my students seem to become more 3 _ towards books.kids don't seem to be reading as much for pleasures , kids don't seem to become seem to be reading as much from their required texts . Kids don't seem to be reading as much at all . The cause 4 . _ teachers agree is the growth of electronic media as well as other modern 5 . _ _ that draw students attention away from the focused reading that was once central to young people s lives. a.apathetic b.creative c.distractions d.despite E.frustrated

Pre-school children who spend time together take on one another's personalities，a new research has found.The study shows that environment plays a key role in shaping people's personalities.While genetics still forms the central part of the human psyche（心理），the research finds that personality traits（特征）are "contagious"（传染的）among children. "Our finding flies in the face of common assumptions that personality can't be changed，" said Dr.Jennifer Neal，co-author of the study. The researchers studied the personalities and social networks of two pre-school classes for a full school year.One of the classes was a set of three-year-olds，and the other a set of four-year-olds.Children whose friends were hard-working or outgoing gradually took on these personality traits over time.Psychology expert Dr.Emily Dublin said kids are having a far bigger effect on each other than people may realize. The new study is not the first to explore the contagious effects of personality traits.A 2015 psychology study found that rudeness at work can be contagious as it travels from person to person "like a disease".The study found that seeing a boss being rude to an employee was enough to cause people to be rude to those around them. The researchers questioned 6，000 people on the social "climate" in their workplaces，which included offices，hotels and restaurants.They found 75 percent of those who took part said they had been treated rudely at least once in the past year.And the study also suggests that merely seeing other people being subjected to rudeness made it more likely that a person would treat their colleagues in the same way.Rudeness could include leaving someone off an invite to a company event，sending unkind emails，finding fault with others or failing to give praise. Dr.Torkelson believes companies need to be more aware of the harm that rudeness in the workplace can do as it can damage the working environment.She said better training could help to fight against the problem.（1）What does the underlined part "flies in the face of" in Paragraph 1 mean？ ____ A.Leads to.B.Goes against.C.Results from.D.Agrees with.（2）According to Paragraph 2，who have the greatest impact on children's personality？ ____ A.Their friends.B.Their parents.C.The researchers.D.The psychologists.（3）Which of the following is considered rude at the workplace？ ____ A.Ignoring the faults of co-workers.B.Not sending emails to workmates.C.Seeking praise from colleagues and bosses.D.Not inviting a colleague to a company party.（4）What is the passage mainly about？ ____ A.One's personality is hard to change.B.One's personality is shaped by genes.C.One's personality traits can spread to others.D.One's personality traits can change overnight.（5）This passage is most probably taken from ____ .A.a school textbookB.a study guideC.a science reportD.a technical journal

The more activities you participate _ ,the easier you'll find it to make friends . A)on B)withC)in D)for

While green roofs certainly won't solve the global warming problem, their ability to absorb greenhouse gases—even just a little bit—supports the case for planting them on city buildings, despite extra costs on the front end, said lead researcher Kristin Getter, of Michigan State University in East Lansing."The key to fighting global warming is capturing carbon from the atmosphere and storing it in new reservoirs that weren't storing carbon before," Getter said. "In the whole scheme of things, green roofs are not the one answer to sequestering carbon, but they will certainly help."Green roofs offer a long list of known benefits. They lower air-conditioning costs in the summer by absorbing and reflecting heat. They lower heating costs in the winter by adding extra isolation.Green roofs appeal to cities because they soak up rainwater, making excess storm-water less likely to flood sewage (下水道) systems and increase sewage treatment costs. Plant-filled roofs make urban areas less likely to become heat islands. They reduce air pollution and noise pollution. And plants, even when it's several stories up, provides living places for animals.A green roof's ability to sequester carbon lasts only a year or two. At that point, the amount of carbon emitted by the decay of soil and plant material balances out the carbon taken in by photosynthesis (光合作用). Still, that's two extra years of balance that a green roof potentially provides.What does the word "sequester" mean in the sentence "In the whole scheme of things, green roofs are not the one answer to sequestering carbon...?" (Para. 3)A. Decay.B. Recirculate.C. Remove.D. Decompose.